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Chemistry > Chemical Changes > Flashcards

Chemical Changes Flashcards

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1
Q

Acid definition

A

Substance with pH less than 7
Forms hydrogen ions in water
Higher concentration of hydrogen ions = lower pH

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2
Q

Base definition

A

Substance that reacts with acid to produce salt and water

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3
Q

Alkali definition

A

Base that is soluble in water
pH is more than 7
Forms hydroxide ions in water
Higher concentration of hydroxide ions = greater pH

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4
Q

indicator definition

A

dye that changes colour depending on pH of surroundings

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5
Q

Litmus as an indicator

A

acidic - red
neutral - purple
alkaline - blue

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6
Q

methyl orange as an indicator

A

acid - red
neutral - yellow
alkaline - yellow

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7
Q

phenolphthalein as an indicator

A

acid - colourless
neutral - colourless
alkaline - pink

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8
Q

dissociation definition

A

when compounds split up to make ions when dissolved

also ionisation

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9
Q

strong acid definition

A

acids that ionise almost completely in water

pH 0-2

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10
Q

weak acid definition

A

do not fully ionise in solution (smaller proportion of acid molecules release hydrogen ions)
pH 2-6
ionisation is reversible

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11
Q

acid strength definition

A

proportion of acid molecules that ionise in water

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12
Q

concentration of an acid definition

A

how much acid there is in a set volume

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13
Q

how concentration affects pH

A

if concentration increase by factor of 10, pH decreases by 1

if concentration decreases by factor of 10, pH increases by 1

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14
Q

salt definition

A

ionic compound formed during a neutralisation reaction

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15
Q

MASH

A

Metal + Acid -> Salt -> Hydrogen

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16
Q

BASHO

A

Base + Acid -> Salt + H2O

17
Q

CASHOCO

A

Carbonate + Acid -> Salt + H2O + CO2

18
Q

How to test for hydrogen

A

Hold lit splint in gas

If squeaky pop is made, hydrogen is present

19
Q

How to test for carbon dioxide

A

Bubble gas through limewater

If limewater turns cloudy, carbon dioxide is present

20
Q

sodium salts solubility

A

soluble

21
Q

potassium salts solubility

A

soluble

22
Q

ammonium salts solubility

A

soluble

23
Q

nitrate salts solubility

A

soluble

24
Q

chloride salts solubility

A

soluble except:
silver chloride
lead chloride

25
Q

sulfate salts solubility

A

soluble except:
lead sulfate
barium sulfate
calcium sulfate

26
Q

carbonate salts solubility

A

insoluble except:
sodium carbonate
potassium carbonate
ammonium carbonate

27
Q

hydroxide salts solubility

A

insoluble except:
sodium hydroxide
potassium hydroxide
ammonium hydroxide

28
Q

how to make insoluble salts w/ method

A

Pick right 2 soluble salts and react them together
Dissolve reactants and mix together in a beaker
Filter out precipitate by pouring beaker into filter paper
Swill out remaining contents in beaker using deionised water and filter
Rinse contents of filter paper with deionised water
Scrape precipitate onto fresh filter paper and leave to dry

29
Q

how to make soluble salts w/ method

A

React right acid with an insoluble base or metal
Heat acid to speed up reaction in a fuse cupboard
Add base to acid and keep adding base until there is an excess of base
Filter excess solid
Gently heat solution then leave to dry
Salt should eventually crystallise

Chemistry (10 decks)

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