Groups

Question 1

Social Facilitation

Answer 1

• Presence of others can energize use

- Better on simple tasks, worse on complex tasks when in presence of others

Question 2

Social Loafing

Answer 2

-Doing worse on simple tasks but better on complex tasks when there is presence of others and individual performance
-Ex. Tug of war
-Less likely if: …
rewards,friends, challenging taks, collectivist cultures, women and when people are accountable
Bad Apple Effect:
One social loafer reduces effort of everyone

Question 3

Commons Dilemma

Answer 3

• Shared resources
• Ex. Overfishing, public transit- not paying benefits you but not the city
• No bad apples

Question 4

Deindividuation

Answer 4

• might do things they wouldn’t do on their own if they feel anonymous and are acting as a group
• Ex. Halloween candy, wearing a mask/uniforms/disguises

Question 5

Negative Influences of groups (hint 3 things)

Answer 5

Group Polarization:

• Group discussion leads to more extreme views
• Ex. Coming in with a slight preference, leaving with a strong one

Groupthink:

• Group discussion discourages creativity or individual responsibility
• Why? Group cohesion becomes more important than being right

Brainstorming:
-Best when you do it on your own and then come together as a group
What people previously call out might limit your thinking

Question 6

Positive Influences of groups (2 things)

Answer 6

Wisdom of Crowds:

• What most people think is usually more correct than what an expert thinks/says
• Ex. Market as a whole is better than 1 famous stock broker

Transactive Memory:
-Each group member remembers different information

Question 7

Leadership (2 types)

Answer 7

Task Orientation (task-leadership)

• If leader is very involved or very uninvolved
• Efficiency and directedness (directive style of leadership

Relationship Orientation (socio-emotional leadership):

• Moderately involved but gives freedom
• Promoting relationships
• Democratic style of leadership

Question 8

Transformational Leaders

Answer 8

• For the good of society
• Have charismatic communication style, have a vision AND implement that vision
• Ex. Martin Luther King

Question 9

Peter Principle

Answer 9

Reaching a level until you are no longer competent

Question 10

5 bases of power

Answer 10

Legitimate – perceiving them to have actual power

• Reward- positional
• Coercive- opposite of reward, also positional
• Expert – personal source
• Referent- related to charisma. Personal sources

Question 11

Advantages and Disadvantages of Power

Answer 11

Advantages of Power: 
-Goal orientation
-Abstract thought 
-Self-control 
Disadvantages of Power: 
-Lying, cheating
-Overconfidence 
-Biased predictions

Question 12

Study: effects of Power: Sexual Over perception

Answer 12

-Increases expected sexual interest from others. Assigned a powerful role thought confederate expressed more interest in them than participants who were assigned to the no power condition.
Other Study: Assigned to power or no power condition again. Rating sexual interaction behaviours