Groups Flashcards
Group formation
1)Forming-getting to know,determining group task, defining group rules, determining group leader
2) Storming
Who gets which position/task,compete for control,status,authority arguments, conflicts
3) Norming
Cohesion builds up, coordinated unit
Dealing with divergent views and criticisms recognise efforts, feedback, learning opportunities
4) Performing
Group conflict
Task conflict- disagreements among members about the content of the tasks being performed, including differences in viewpoints, ideas, and opinions
Relationship- interpersonal incompatibilities among group members, which typically includes tension, animosity, and annoyance among members within a group
Groupthink (Janis 1982)
Phenomenon in which the norms for consensus overrides the realistic appraisal of alternative courses of action
Overcoming group think
Use outside experts
Assign devils advocate role
Re think decisions to check for errors
Leaders should not put direct pressure on group members
Smaller group size
Consider alternatives
Social identity theory
Henri Tajfel (1919-1982)
Social categorisation- we automatically select into ingroup v out group
Social identification- we absorb the and values of our ingroup, so the group becomes part of our identity
Social comparison- to boost self esteem we make look ingroup better than our group
Social identity theory 2
Ingroup favouritism - behaviour that favours one down group over others
Intergroup differentiation- behaviour that emphasises differences between our own group and other groups
Our group homogeneity effect- tendency to the out group as more homogenous, less diverse than in group
Daimler v Chrysler
Daimler
Precision,reliability, quality performance
Formal and structured management
Strong hierarchy
Long decision process
Chrysler
Efficiency, affordability,process innovation
American style: flexible relaxed atmosphere
Team work,self management teams
Group cohesiveness
Degree and strength of interpersonal attraction among members of a group
Consequences
Members are more likely to stay in group
Members all participate in group task
Better performance
Factors that facilitate cohesiveness
Common goals
Competition with other groups having had success time spent together
Small group
What did we learn from the zimbardo Stanford experiment
Group norms can be very strong
Shows strong us v them thinking
Shows how strong situations can shake individuals behaviour
Social loafing
Exerting less effort when in a group than when alone
Solve
- Make each individuals input unique and measurable
- Create motivation by favourable outcome, interesting task
- Smaller group size
- Work with respected others
- Diverse group
Exclusion from a social group
Ostracism
Team roles
Successful groups comprise 9 key roles
Personality and preference determine team role
Each role has qualities and weaknesses
Explore- plant, resource investigator
Organizar- shaper, implementer
Control-monitor evaluator, completer finisher
Supper advice-team worker, specialist for
