Group Work Flashcards
Prior to the 1960s most counseling took place
a. in a group setting.
b. with the entire family present.
c. in a dyadic relationship.
d. in behavior therapy clinics.
c. in a dyadic relationship.
A group has
a. a membership which can be defined.
b. some degree of unity and interaction.
c. a shared purpose.
d. all of the above.
d. all of the above.
The term group therapy was coined in 1931 by
a. Frank Parsons, the father of guidance (also referred to as vocational guidance).
b. Jacob Moreno, the father of psychodrama.
c. E. G. Williamson, associated with the Minnesota Viewpoint.
d. Fritz Perls, the father of gestalt therapy.
b. Jacob Moreno, the father of psychodrama.
Noted psychotherapy author and scholar Raymond Corsini once referred to the early 1940s as the “modern era” of group work. In the 1940s the two organizations for group therapy were created and group work became a legitimate specialty. The groups are
a. NASW and NBCC.
b. ASGW and AAS.
c. the American Society for Group Psychotherapy and Psychodrama (ASGPP) spawned by the work
of Jacob Moreno in 1942 and the American Group Psychotherapy Association (AGPA) which
resulted from the effort of Samuel Richard Slavson in 1943.
d. AACD and APA.
c. the American Society for Group Psychotherapy and Psychodrama (ASGPP) spawned by the work
of Jacob Moreno in 1942 and the American Group Psychotherapy Association (AGPA) which
resulted from the effort of Samuel Richard Slavson in 1943.
Which theorist’s (or theorists’) work has been classified as a preface to the group movement?
a. Sigmund Freud.
b. C. G. Jung.
c. Alfred Adler and Jesse B. Davis.
d. Marsha Linehan, who created dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), originally used to deal with
suicidal behaviors.
c. Alfred Adler and Jesse B. Davis.
Primary groups are
a. preventive and attempt to ward off problems.
b. always follow a person-centered paradigm.
c. generally utilized for long-term psychotherapy.
d. always focused on the client’s childhood.
a. preventive and attempt to ward off problems.
A group is classified as secondary. This implies that
a. it is preventive and attempts to ward off problems.
b. a difficulty or disturbance is present.
c. two therapists are utilized.
d. all of the above.
b. a difficulty or disturbance is present.
When comparing a tertiary group with a primary or secondary group
a. the tertiary group focuses less on individual members.
b. the tertiary group focuses more on the here and now.
c. the tertiary group is less likely to deal with severe pathology.
d. the tertiary group is more likely to deal with severe pathology.
d. the tertiary group is more likely to deal with severe pathology.
Group norms
a. exist only in encounter groups.
b. exist only in career counseling groups.
c. are not related to group cohesiveness.
d. govern acceptable behavior and group rules.
d. govern acceptable behavior and group rules.
Group therapy initially flourished in the United States due to
a. Freud’s lectures in this country.
b. a shortage of competent career counselors.
c. a shortage of individual therapists during World War II.
d. pressure from nondirective therapists pushing encounter groups.
c. a shortage of individual therapists during World War II.
Group content refers to material discussed in a group setting. Group process refers to
a. analysis of the unconscious.
b. analysis of the ego.
c. the T-group paradigm.
d. the manner in which discussions and transactions occur.
d. the manner in which discussions and transactions occur.
Group cohesiveness refers to
a. forces which tend to bind group members together.
b. an analysis of group content.
c. a common coleadership style.
d. a style of leadership.
a. forces which tend to bind group members together.
Some theorists feel that group therapy differs from group counseling (which is also called an interpersonal problem-solving group) in that
a. group counseling would be of longer duration.
b. group therapy, also dubbed as a personality reconstruction group, would be of longer duration.
c. group counseling requires far more training.
d. group therapy addresses a less-disturbed population of clients.
b. group therapy, also dubbed as a personality reconstruction group, would be of longer duration.
Most experts would agree that overall
a. structured exercises are more effective than unstructured techniques.
b. structured exercises are less effective than unstructured techniques.
c. all well-trained therapists favor structured exercises over unstructured techniques.
d. ethical guidelines must forbid unstructured techniques because they can be dangerous to the
depressed or anxious client.
b. structured exercises are less effective than unstructured techniques.
One advantage of group work is that a counselor can see more clients in a given period of time. One disadvantage is that a counselor can be too focused on group processes and
a. individual issues are not properly examined.
b. the group becomes too behavioristic.
c. a and b.
d. the group focuses too much on content.
a. individual issues are not properly examined.
According to the risky shift phenomenon, a group decision will
a. be less conservative than the average group member’s decision, prior to the group discussion.
b. be more conservative than the average group member’s decision, prior to the group discussion.
c. often be aggressive or illegal.
d. violate the group’s confidentiality norms.
a. be less conservative than the average group member’s decision, prior to the group discussion.
T-groups often stress ways employees can express themselves in an effective manner. The “T” in T- groups merely stands for
a. techniques.
b. taxonomy.
c. training.
d. testing.
c. training.
A counselor suggests that her client join an assertiveness training group. Most assertiveness training groups are
a. unstructured.
b. psychodynamic or person-centered.
c. focused heavily on existential concerns.
d. behavioristic and highly structured.
d. behavioristic and highly structured.
Weight Watchers is a
a. T-group, also called a training group.
b. self-help or support group, as is AA.
c. psychotherapy group.
d. marathon group.
marathon group.
b. self-help or support group, as is AA.
The ACA and the ASGW division recommend screening for potential group members
a. for all groups.
b. only when the group is in a hospital inpatient setting.
c. only when the group is composed of minors.
d. only if the group deals with chemical dependency.
a. for all groups.
A counselor is conducting a screening for clients who wish to participate in a counseling group which will meet Tuesday nights at his private practice office. Which client would most likely be the poorest choice for a group member?
a. A shy librarian.
b. An anxious salesman with no group experience.
c. An extremely hostile and belligerent construction worker.
d. A student with 16 hours toward her M.Ed in counseling.
c. An extremely hostile and belligerent construction worker.
A counselor is screening clients for a new group at the college counseling center. Which client would most likely be the poorest choice for a group member?
a. A first-year student who is suicidal and sociopathic.
b. A second-year student who stutters.
c. A graduate student with a facial tic.
d. A fourth-year student with obsessive-compulsive (OCD) tendencies.
a. A first-year student who is suicidal and sociopathic.
A screening for group members can be done in a group or privately. Although private screening interviews are not as cost effective or as time efficient as group screening, many group leaders feel that private screening sessions are superior
a. because they intensify transference.
b. because they encourage catharsis.
c. because they intensify abreaction.
d. in terms of counselor–client interaction.
d. in terms of counselor–client interaction.
Most experts in the field of group counseling would agree that the most important trait for group members is the ability
a. to open up.
b. to listen.
c. to trust.
d. to convey empathy.
c. to trust.
Groups can be open or closed. The two differ in that
a. open groups are limited to hospital settings.
b. in an open group, members can socialize between group meetings.
c. closed groups always employ coleaders.
d. closed groups allow no new members after the group begins.
d. closed groups allow no new members after the group begins.
One major advantage of a closed group versus an open group is
a. cost effectiveness.
b. it promotes cohesiveness.
c. it lessens counselor burnout.
d. it allows the members to meet less frequently.
b. it promotes cohesiveness.
One major disadvantage of a closed group versus an open group is that
a. if everyone quits, you will be left with no group members.
b. closed groups cannot provide depth therapy.
c. it promotes paranoid feelings in group members.
d. closed groups are much more structured.
a. if everyone quits, you will be left with no group members.
The number of people in an open group is generally
a. more stable than in a closed group.
b. much smaller after an extended period of time than in a closed group.
c. significantly larger than in a closed group.
d. more dependent on the group leader’s marketing skills than in a closed group.
a. more stable than in a closed group.
One distinct disadvantage of an open group is that
a. new members are not accepted after the first meeting.
b. the leader does not control the screening process.
c. a member who begins after the first meeting has missed information or experiences.
d. the group is generally too behavioristic for depth therapy to occur.
c. a member who begins after the first meeting has missed information or experiences.
When a group member is speaking, it is best for the counselor to
a. try to face the group member.
b. not face the group member, as this does not appear genuine in a group setting.
c. smile while listening.
d. suppress genuine emotion.
a. try to face the group member.
A group setting has a flexible seating arrangement in which clients are free to sit wherever they wish. In this setting it is likely that
a. an African American client and a white leader would sit close together.
b. a Latino/a client and an African American leader would sit close together.
c. an Asian American client and an African American leader would sit close together.
d. an Asian American leader and an Asian American client would sit close together.
d. an Asian American leader and an Asian American client would sit close together.
A group setting has a flexible seating arrangement in which clients are free to sit wherever they wish. In this setting it is likely that
a. a male client in a designer suit and a female client in cutoff jeans will sit close together.
b. a Cuban male client in a designer suit and an Asian male client in another brand of designer suit
will sit close together.
c. a white female client in a designer outfit and a white male client in a pair of old jeans and an
undershirt will sit close together.
d. a male client in a designer suit and a female client in a jogging suit and old tennis shoes with holes
in them will sit close together.
b. a Cuban male client in a designer suit and an Asian male client in another brand of designer suit
will sit close together.
Which statement made by a doctoral-level counselor is illustrative of a leader focused on process rather than product?
a. “Jim seems more relaxed today.”
b. “Sally seems a bit self-critical this evening.”
c. “I hear a lot of sadness in Betty’s voice.”
d. “You wince whenever Jane raises her voice.”
d. “You wince whenever Jane raises her voice.”
Which statement made by a group leader in a residential center for adolescents focuses on product rather than process?
a. “Ken has not stolen for a week and thus is eligible for supplementary tokens.”
b. “Karen looks down when Bill discusses relationships.”
c. “It sounds like there is a deep sense of hurt….”
d. “Oh, so you fold your arms and sort of close up when Carey mentions the angry side of your
personality. ”
a. “Ken has not stolen for a week and thus is eligible for supplementary tokens.”
Groups promote the concept of universality, which suggests that
a. we are unique and so are our problems.
b. there is a universal way to solve nearly any difficulty.
c. a and b.
d. we are not the only ones in the world with a given problem.
d. we are not the only ones in the world with a given problem.
In the late 1930s researchers identified three basic leadership styles:
a. directive, nondirective, and semi-passive.
b. autocratic, democratic, and laissez faire.
c. relaxed, anxious, and tense.
d. assertive, nonassertive, and aggressive.
b. autocratic, democratic, and laissez faire.
The autocratic or authoritarian leader may give orders to the group, while the laissez faire leader
a. assigns a group member as the authoritarian.
b. has a hands-off policy and participates very little, with the group basically taking responsibility for
itself.
c. has the most desirable style of leadership.
d. nearly always run open-ended groups.
b. has a hands-off policy and participates very little, with the group basically taking responsibility for
itself.
When comparing the autocratic, democratic, and laissez faire styles,
a. the autocratic is the most desirable.
b. the laissez faire is the most desirable.
c. the democratic, or what Sam Gladding called a facilitator, is the most desirable.
d. there is no discernible difference in effectiveness.
c. the democratic, or what Sam Gladding called a facilitator, is the most desirable.
A group with more than one leader is said to utilize coleaders. Coleadership is desirable because
a. the group can go on even if one leader is absent.
b. two leaders can focus on group dynamics better than one leader since two individuals will have
better observational skills.
c. leaders can process their feelings between sessions.
d. all of the above.
d. all of the above.
Coleadership
a. reduces burnout and helps ensure safety.
b. increases burnout.
c. has no impact on burnout.
d. should not be used for open groups.
a. reduces burnout and helps ensure safety.
