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group cohesion Flashcards

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1
Q

definition of cohesion?

A

the total field of forces which act on members to remain in the group

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2
Q

what are the 2 forces that act on members in a group?

A

attractiveness of the group

means control

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3
Q

what is meant by ‘attractiveness of the group’?

A

individuals desire for interpersonal interactions with other group members and a desire to be involved in the group’s activities

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4
Q

what is meant by ‘means control’?

A

benefits that a member can derive by being associated with the group

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5
Q

what is Carron and colleagues definition of cohesion?

A

a dynamic process that is reflected in the tendency for a group to stick together and remain united in pursuit of its objectives and/or for the satisfaction of member affective needs

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6
Q

what is task cohesion?

A

degree to which members of a group work together to achieve common goals

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7
Q

what is social cohesion?

A

degree to which members of a team like each other and enjoy one another’s company (interpersonal attraction)

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8
Q

why is the definition of cohesion better from Carron and colleagues than Festinger and colleagues?

A

addresses both the task and social aspects of cohesion

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9
Q

what 4 factors does Carron identify as affecting the development of cohesion?

A
  1. environmental
  2. personal
  3. leadership
  4. team
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10
Q

what is meant by ‘environmental factors’?

A

normative forces holding a group together

e.g age and contracts

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11
Q

what is the relationship between group size and levels of cohesion?

A

smaller groups are more cohesive than larger groups

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12
Q

what is meant by ‘personal factors’?

A

the individual characteristics of group members

  1. demographic attributes
  2. cognitions and motives
  3. behaviour
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13
Q

what is the most important personal factor associated with task and social cohesion?
and another factor?

A

individual satisfaction

similarity in attitudes and expectations

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14
Q

benefits to individuals related to cohesion?

A

self-efficacy, high return rates and passion

decreased levels of anxiety and depression

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15
Q

what is meant by ‘leadership factors’?

A

the leadership style and behaviours that profressionals exhibit and the relationships they establish with their groups

clear, consistent commuication from coaches and captains influences cohesion

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16
Q

what coach behaviours can decrease feelings of cohesion?

A

inequity, embarrassment and ridicule

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17
Q

what is meant by ‘team factors’?

A

group task characteristics, group productivity norms, desire for group success, group roles, group position and team stability

especiall shared experiences of winning or losing
collective efficacy related to cohesion

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18
Q

what are the 2 types of measures for measuring cohesion?

A

questionnaires

sociograms

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19
Q

what questionnaire was used to measure cohesion in the early days?

A

Sport Cohesiveness Questionnaire

7 tems measuring interpersonal attraction or attraction to group

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20
Q

issues with the SPort Cohesiveness Questionnaire?

A

no reliability or validity measures established

measured mainly social cohesion

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21
Q

what does the Group Environment Questionnaire distinguish between?

A

individual and the group

task and social cohesion

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22
Q

what 2 categories is the GEQ based on?

A

how members perceive the group (group integration)

how attractive the group is to individual members

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23
Q

difference between questionnaires and sociograms?

A

questionnaires don’t show how individuals relate to each other or whether some members are socially isolated

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24
Q

what does the sociogram measure?

A

social cohesion e.g which are your top 3 favourite team members

reveals pattern of interpersonal relationships in a group

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25
Q

what is the structure of a sociogram?

A

more frequently chosen indivduals in the centre

less frequently chosen on the outside `

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26
Q

what percentage of studies reported a positive relationship between cohesion and performance?

A

83%

92%

27
Q

what are some examples of task-oriented interventions?

A

team goal setting
team communication
understanding and conforming to team roles and norms

28
Q

what are some examples of social-oriented interventions?

A

team camp-outs
ropes and challenge courses
social get-togethers
personal growth experiences

29
Q

what do interactive sports require?

A

team members to work together and coordinate their actions

30
Q

what do coactive sports require?

A

much less, if any, team interaction and coordination for the achivement of goals than interactive sports

31
Q

name of a sport that is both coactive and interactive?

A

baseball

32
Q

what did Carron and colleagues find about the relationship between task type and performance?

A

no difference in levels of cohesiveness and performance in coactive or interactive sports

33
Q

what is the direction of casuality debate?

A

whether cohesion leads to imporved performance or whether improved performance leads to imporved cohesion

34
Q

what direction of causality was found in an intercollegiate female field hockey team?

A

performance on cohesion

35
Q

what have most recent reviews found about direction of causality?

A

no difference between cohesion on performance and performance on cohesion

36
Q

what is teh believed relationship between cohesion and performance?

A

it is circular

performance success leads to increased cohesion which in turn leads to increased performance

37
Q

what are teh 6 other factors affecting cohesion apart from performance?

A 
team satisfaction
conformity
adherence
social support
stability
group goals
38
Q

describe the relationship between cohesion and team satisfaction?

A

strong relaitonship

model 1: cohesion to performance to success to greater levels of individual satisfaction to increased cohesion

model 2: performance success lead to higher cohesion leading to greater satisfaction

39
Q

describe the relationship between cohesion and conformity?

A

more cohesive the group the more influence it has on individual members

greater cohesion leads to greater conformity to group’s norms for productivity

40
Q

describe the relationship between cohesion and adherence?

A

more cohesive will attend more, arrive on time, less likely to drop out, more resistant to disruptions, greater efficacy beliefs and positive exercise affect

group size doesn’t influence this relationship

41
Q

describe the relationship between social support and cohesion?

A

positive relationship between social support individual receives and evaluation of group cohesion

42
Q

describe the relationship between stability and cohesion?

A

longer team is together, more likely that cohesion will develop and the more cohesive it becomes, the less likely members will leave

stabilty = turnover rate for members and length of time group has been together

43
Q

describe the relationship between group goals and cohesion?

A

teams engaging in goal setting and had satisfaction with goal setting have higher levels of team cohesion

44
Q

most important contributor to task cohesion and second most important contributor to social cohesion?

A

team goal + its acceptance

45
Q

what is the link between cohesion and those participating in exercise settings?

A

those with higher feelings of cohesion attend more regularly and more punctually

46
Q

how to maintain sense of cohesion in larger groups?

A

implement an appropriate team-building program

47
Q

what are the exercises to help achieve the principles of team building?

A

group norms - group decides on unacceptable and acceptable behaviours
individual roles - learn what other player’s expect of them
distinctiveness - travelling to competitions together and same kit
individual sacrifice
communication and interaction

48
Q

What are the benefits of cohesion?

A

Improved performance
Increased adherence
Increased satisfaction
Higher collective efficacy

Reduced social loading
Lowered anxiety

49
Q

what factors have been found to relate most to cohesion in the mid season?

A

clear roles
team goals
communication
self-sacrifice

50
Q

what factors have been found to relate most to cohesion at the end of the season

A

the same 4 factors as during the midseason but to varying degrees

51
Q

what is the role of the MAPS model and what does it stand for?

A

to help guide the building of sports teams

Mission - setting team-oriented goals
Assessment - idetifying strengths and weaknesses within the team
Plan - action plans for teams and individuals
Systematic evaluation - reflecting on overall progress towards goals

52
Q

how coaches and leaders can foster group cohesion:

the correct form of communication

A

openness and voicing opinions encouraged (to develop cohesiveness)

enable team meetings to voice opinions

identify popular members and adopt as a means of communication

53
Q

how coaches and leaders can foster group cohesion:

the way to present roles

A

emphasise importance of individual roles in team success
clearly outline roles
have players play in other positions

54
Q

how coaches and leaders can foster group cohesion:

how to treat subunits in teams

A

allow them to develop pride and distinctiveness

55
Q

how coaches and leaders can foster group cohesion:

how to set goals

A

set challenging and specific performance individual and group goals

56
Q

how long should team-building programs be in order to be effective?

A

over 2 weeks to have moderate effect

57
Q

does team building have more effect on individual or interactive sports teams?

A

individual

58
Q

what is the effect of team building on the types of cohesion?

A

no effect on task cohesion
small positive effect on social cohesion
large positive effects on performance and individual satisfaction

59
Q

how coaches and leaders can foster group cohesion:

how to deal with social cliques

A

negative impact on team as usually form when the team is losing
determine why they are forming and break them up

60
Q

how coaches and leaders can foster group cohesion:

how to deal with high turnover rates

A

have veterans make ewcomers feel welcome and comfortable

61
Q

how coaches and leaders can foster group cohesion:

how to enhance team efficacy

A

emphasising players contributions to the team efforts

focusing on self-improvement not just winning

62
Q

what is involved in the 4 step model to team building?

A

introductory stage
conceptual stage
practical stage
intervention stage

63
Q

barriers to group cohesion?

A 
clash of personalities and members struggling for power
breakdown in communication
conflict of roles
frequent turnover of members
disagreement about goals
64
Q

what are some things group members can do to facilitate a cohesive unit?

A 
get to know and help group members
positively reinforce other members
communicate openly and honestly
be resposible
immediately resolve conflicts
give 100% effort all the time

Sports Psychology (12 decks)

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