foundations of sport and exercise science

Question 1

what is sport and exercise psychology?

Answer 1

the scientific study of people and their behaviour in sport and exercise activities and the practical application of that knowledge

Question 2

what is science?

Answer 2

a process or method of learning about the world through systematic, empirical, controlled and critical filtering of knowledge acquired through experience

Question 3

4 purposes of a theory?

Answer 3

describe
explain
predict
control

Question 4

what is a theory

Answer 4

a set of interrelated facts presenting a systematic view of some phenomenom in order to describe, explain and predict its future outcomes

Question 5

what is a study?

Answer 5

investigator observes or assesses without changing the environment in any way (naturally occuring phenomenon)

don’t allow causal conclusions between variables

e.g giving fast and slow runners a survey assessing goal setting

Question 6

what is an experiment?

Answer 6

investigator manipulates variables while observing them, then examines how changes in one or more variables affect changes in others

able to establish causal conclusions as manipulates variables and observes the effects

e.g giving one group of runners training on setting goals and the others none and observing the subsequent effects

Question 7

difference between study and experiment?

Answer 7

study involves observing a naturally occuring event with no manipulation and therefore unable to establish causal relations

experiment enables manipulation of variables so able to establish causal relations as observing the effects of change in variables

Question 8

strengths of scientifically derived knowledge

x3

Answer 8

systematic and controlled
highly reliable
objective and unbiased

Question 9

limitations of scientifically derived knowledge

x3

Answer 9

reductionist
lack of focus on external validity (practicality)
slow to come about

Question 10

strengths of professional practice knowledge

x3

Answer 10

innovative
holistic
immediate

Question 11

limitations of professional practice knowledge

x3

Answer 11

subjective
less reliable
lack of explanations

Question 12

what is professional pratice knowledge?

Answer 12

knowledge gained through experinece

e.g coaching a team and in the process gaining understanding

Question 13

what is scientifcally derived knowledge?

Answer 13

knowledge obtained through systematic, controlled, empirical and critical methods

Question 14

what are the 3 approaches to sport and exercise psychology?

Answer 14

psychophysiological
social-psychological
cognitive-behavioral

Question 15

what is the psychophysiological orientation?

and an example

Answer 15

examines underlying psychophysiological processes of the brain in terms of primary causes of behaviour

brain causing behaviour

e.g anxiety causing focus on negative sights
using biofeedback is an example of adopting this approach

Question 16

what is the social-psychological orientation?

Answer 16

behaviour determined by complex interaction of the social environment and the personal make-up of the athlete

e.g anxiety having an effect due to the social situation and the personal make-up of the person

Question 17

what is the cognitive-behavioural orientation?

Answer 17

behaviour is determined by both the environment and thoughts (and interpretation of the 2)

e.g anxiety due to negative thoughts in a negative situation
would use self report measures

Question 18

what are the 3 roles conducted by sport psychologists?

Answer 18

1. research role e.g what leads to exercise adherence
2. teaching role
3. consulting role

Question 19

what are the 2 specialities in sport psychology?

Answer 19

clinical sport psychology - deal with sporting individuals with emotional disorders, eating disorders and substance abuse

educational sport psychology - not licensed psychologists so don’t work with athletes with emotional disorders but educate athletes on how to develop psychological skills

Question 20

what do both clinical and educational sport psychologists need to be qualified?

Answer 20

extensive knowledge of both psychology and sport science

Question 21

what is the AASP and what do they do?

Answer 21

the Association for Applied Sport Psychology

promote research and practice in applied sport and exercise psychology

Question 22

founder of the Olympic Games?

Answer 22

Pierre de Coubertin

Question 23

what does the science of coaching focus on?

Answer 23

focuses on the use of general priciples

Question 24

what does the art of coaching involve?

Answer 24

recognising when and how to indivdualise the general principles of sport and exercise psychology