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GSCE Chemistry > Group 7 Elements > Flashcards

Group 7 Elements Flashcards

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1
Q

what are halogens?

A

group 7 elements - that are covalently bonded, simple molecular substances

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2
Q

what properties do halogens have?

A
  • all are diatomic
  • colours get darker down the group
  • MP/BP increases down the group
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3
Q

what is the formula of fluorine?

A

F2

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4
Q

what is the formula of chlorine?

A

Cl2

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5
Q

what is the formula of bromine?

A

Br2

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6
Q

what is the formula of iodine?

A

I2

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7
Q

what is the formula of astatine?

A

At2

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8
Q

what is the colour of fluorine?

A

very pale yellow

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9
Q

what is the colour of chlorine?

A

pale green

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10
Q

what is the colour of bromine?

A

brown

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11
Q

what is the colour of iodine?

A

dark grey

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12
Q

what is the colour of astatine?

A

black

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13
Q

what state is fluorine?

A

gas

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14
Q

what state is chlorine?

A

gas

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15
Q

what state is bromine?

A

liquid

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16
Q

what state is iodine?

A

solid

17
Q

what state is astatine?

A

solid

18
Q

what other features does bromine have?

A

volatile, releases brown fumes

19
Q

what other features does iodine have?

A

sublimes, releases purple fumes

20
Q

what happens when halogens react with metals?

A

they form ionic compounds

21
Q

what happens in a halogen-metal reaction?

A

the outer shell electrons from the metal are transferred to the halogen

22
Q

what type of reaction is a halogen-metal reaction?

A

a redox reaction

23
Q

why is a halogen-metal reaction a redox reaction?

A
  • Na loses electrons = oxidised
  • Cl gains electrons = reduced
  • Cl also changes its name from chlorine atom -> chloride ion
  • Halogen -> halide
24
Q

what happens as halogens go down the group?

A

they get less reactive

25
Q

how do halogen atoms fill their outer shell?

A

they need to gain an electron

26
Q

why does halogen atoms becoming halide ions happen less easily as you go down the group?

A
  • atoms have more electron shells
  • the extra electron is further from the nucleus
  • so its attraction to the nucleus is weaker
27
Q

what happens when the electrons move closer and further away from the nucleus?

A
  • close to the nucleus = strong attraction
  • far from the nucleus = weak attraction
28
Q

what is the chemical test for chlorine?

A
  • damp blue litmus paper turns white
  • this is because the chlorine act as a bleaching agent, so it removes the colour from the paper

GSCE Chemistry (49 decks)

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