Gross Anatomy of the CNS

Question 1

4 Sections of Cerebrum?

Answer 1

1. Frontal
2. Parietal
3. Temporal
4. Occipital

Question 2

Function of frontal lobe?

Answer 2

Motor area & emotions

Question 3

Function of Parietal lobe?

Answer 3

Feeling, spatial relationships

Question 4

Function of Temporal lobe?

Answer 4

auditory/speech, memory/comprehension

Question 5

function of occipital lobe?

Answer 5

visual

Question 6

what connects right w/ left hemisphere?

Answer 6

corpus callosum

Question 7

3 parts of brain stem?

Answer 7

midbrain, pons, medulla

Question 8

top layer of cerebrum is?

Answer 8

cortex

Question 9

function of limbic system?

Answer 9

behaviour, emotion

Question 10

3 parts of limbic system?

Answer 10

amygdala, hippocampus, diencephalon

Question 11

function of amygdala?

Answer 11

fight/flight, response to rewarding stimuli

Question 12

function of hippocampus?

Answer 12

long-term memory, spatial navigation, hypothalamus function

Question 13

2 parts of diencephalon?

Answer 13

thalamus, hypothalamus

Question 14

function of thalamus?

Answer 14

regulates consciousness, processes sensory signals & relays to cortex

Question 15

function of hypothalamus?

Answer 15

controls circadian rhythms, neuroendocrine outputs (hormones), homeostasis

Question 16

function of pituitary gland?

Answer 16

makes and releases hormones to bloodstream

Question 17

function of midbrain?

Answer 17

auditory/visual, arousal, consciousness

Question 18

function of pons?

Answer 18

sleep

Question 19

function of medulla?

Answer 19

involuntary functions

Question 20

3 parts of neuron?

Answer 20

cell body, dendrites, axon

Question 21

part of neuron that receives signal?

Answer 21

dendrites

Question 22

part of neuron that relays signal?

Answer 22

axon

Question 23

function of oligodendrocytes?

Answer 23

myelination of axons

Question 24

function of myelin sheaths?

Answer 24

insulation of axon, provides support, inc. speed of signal

Question 25

what's node of ranvier?

Answer 25

space in b/w myelin sheaths containing many voltage-gated Na channels

Question 26

What's multiple sclerosis?

Answer 26

immune system- mediated destruction of myelin, causes slower signal conduction

Question 27

3 types of neuron structures?

Answer 27

multipolar, bipolar, pseudounipolar

Question 28

what types of neuron structure can signal bypass cell body?

Answer 28

pseudounipolar

Question 29

most common neuron structure?

Answer 29

multipolar

Question 30

least common neuron structure?

Answer 30

bipolar

Question 31

where are bipolar neurons?

Answer 31

sensory organs

Question 32

where are pseudounipolar neurons?

Answer 32

cranial and spinal nerves

Question 33

3 function types of neurons?

Answer 33

sensory, motor, interneuron

Question 34

function of sensory?

Answer 34

relays signal from sensory organ to CNS

Question 35

function of motor?

Answer 35

relays signal from CNS to sensory organ

Question 36

function of interneuron?

Answer 36

connecting signal b/w motor & sensory neuron

Question 37

6 stages of synaptic transmission?

Answer 37

1. ligand-receptor binding 2. net charge inc. to threshold level 3. Na voltage gated channels open-> allow Na in 4. axon hillock induces action potential 5. depolorization down axon, followed by repolorization 6. Ca binds proteins in cell, allows vesicle fusion, releases neurotransmitters into synapse

Question 38

what's depolorization?

Answer 38

the increase of net cell voltage (the signal)

Question 39

what's repolorization?

Answer 39

the decrease of net cell voltage (follows signal)

Question 40

what's hyperpolorization?

Answer 40

lowest net voltage of cell

Question 41

how does depolorization occur?

Answer 41

Na voltage-gated channels let Na enter cell

Question 42

how does repolorization occur?

Answer 42

K voltage-gated channels expel K from cell

Question 43

what is the threshold level?

Answer 43

minimum level required to fire action potential (-55 mv)

Question 44

what is the resting state?

Answer 44

normal state of cell (-70mv)

Question 45

2 primary neurotransmitters of amygdala?

Answer 45

GABA, glutamate

Question 46

primary neurotransmitter of hippocampus?

Answer 46

acetocholine

Question 47

2 sections of hippocampus?

Answer 47

medial entorhinal cortex (MEC), lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC)

Question 48

function of MEC?

Answer 48

process spatial info

Question 49

function of LEC?

Answer 49

process non-spatial info

Question 50

cause of alzheimers?

Answer 50

breakdown of acetycholine

Question 51

hypothalamus is linked to endocrine system via?

Answer 51

pituitary gland

Question 52

which part of brain can sample blood?

Answer 52

hypothalamus

Question 53

part of brain that regulates temperature, apetite, and is sexually dimorphic

Answer 53

hypothalamus

Question 54

what's the refractory period?

Answer 54

period after hyperpolarization which cell cannot be reactivated