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PHRM 100 > Gross Anatomy of the CNS > Flashcards

Gross Anatomy of the CNS Flashcards

1
Q

4 Sections of Cerebrum?

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Parietal
  3. Temporal
  4. Occipital
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2
Q

Function of frontal lobe?

A

Motor area & emotions

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3
Q

Function of Parietal lobe?

A

Feeling, spatial relationships

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4
Q

Function of Temporal lobe?

A

auditory/speech, memory/comprehension

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5
Q

function of occipital lobe?

A

visual

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6
Q

what connects right w/ left hemisphere?

A

corpus callosum

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7
Q

3 parts of brain stem?

A

midbrain, pons, medulla

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8
Q

top layer of cerebrum is?

A

cortex

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9
Q

function of limbic system?

A

behaviour, emotion

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10
Q

3 parts of limbic system?

A

amygdala, hippocampus, diencephalon

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11
Q

function of amygdala?

A

fight/flight, response to rewarding stimuli

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12
Q

function of hippocampus?

A

long-term memory, spatial navigation, hypothalamus function

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13
Q

2 parts of diencephalon?

A

thalamus, hypothalamus

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14
Q

function of thalamus?

A

regulates consciousness, processes sensory signals & relays to cortex

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15
Q

function of hypothalamus?

A

controls circadian rhythms, neuroendocrine outputs (hormones), homeostasis

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16
Q

function of pituitary gland?

A

makes and releases hormones to bloodstream

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17
Q

function of midbrain?

A

auditory/visual, arousal, consciousness

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18
Q

function of pons?

A

sleep

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19
Q

function of medulla?

A

involuntary functions

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20
Q

3 parts of neuron?

A

cell body, dendrites, axon

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21
Q

part of neuron that receives signal?

A

dendrites

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22
Q

part of neuron that relays signal?

A

axon

23
Q

function of oligodendrocytes?

A

myelination of axons

24
Q

function of myelin sheaths?

A

insulation of axon, provides support, inc. speed of signal

25
Q

what’s node of ranvier?

A

space in b/w myelin sheaths containing many voltage-gated Na channels

26
Q

What’s multiple sclerosis?

A

immune system- mediated destruction of myelin, causes slower signal conduction

27
Q

3 types of neuron structures?

A

multipolar, bipolar, pseudounipolar

28
Q

what types of neuron structure can signal bypass cell body?

A

pseudounipolar

29
Q

most common neuron structure?

A

multipolar

30
Q

least common neuron structure?

A

bipolar

31
Q

where are bipolar neurons?

A

sensory organs

32
Q

where are pseudounipolar neurons?

A

cranial and spinal nerves

33
Q

3 function types of neurons?

A

sensory, motor, interneuron

34
Q

function of sensory?

A

relays signal from sensory organ to CNS

35
Q

function of motor?

A

relays signal from CNS to sensory organ

36
Q

function of interneuron?

A

connecting signal b/w motor & sensory neuron

37
Q

6 stages of synaptic transmission?

A
  1. ligand-receptor binding
  2. net charge inc. to threshold level
  3. Na voltage gated channels open-> allow Na in
  4. axon hillock induces action potential
  5. depolorization down axon, followed by repolorization
  6. Ca binds proteins in cell, allows vesicle fusion, releases neurotransmitters into synapse
38
Q

what’s depolorization?

A

the increase of net cell voltage (the signal)

39
Q

what’s repolorization?

A

the decrease of net cell voltage (follows signal)

40
Q

what’s hyperpolorization?

A

lowest net voltage of cell

41
Q

how does depolorization occur?

A

Na voltage-gated channels let Na enter cell

42
Q

how does repolorization occur?

A

K voltage-gated channels expel K from cell

43
Q

what is the threshold level?

A

minimum level required to fire action potential (-55 mv)

44
Q

what is the resting state?

A

normal state of cell (-70mv)

45
Q

2 primary neurotransmitters of amygdala?

A

GABA, glutamate

46
Q

primary neurotransmitter of hippocampus?

A

acetocholine

47
Q

2 sections of hippocampus?

A

medial entorhinal cortex (MEC), lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC)

48
Q

function of MEC?

A

process spatial info

49
Q

function of LEC?

A

process non-spatial info

50
Q

cause of alzheimers?

A

breakdown of acetycholine

51
Q

hypothalamus is linked to endocrine system via?

A

pituitary gland

52
Q

which part of brain can sample blood?

A

hypothalamus

53
Q

part of brain that regulates temperature, apetite, and is sexually dimorphic

A

hypothalamus

54
Q

what’s the refractory period?

A

period after hyperpolarization which cell cannot be reactivated

PHRM 100 (10 decks)

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