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PHRM 100 > Basal Ganglia & Cerebellum > Flashcards

Basal Ganglia & Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

5 structures of basal ganglia?

A
  1. caudate nucleus
  2. putamen
  3. globus pallidus
  4. subthalamic nucleus
  5. substantia nigra
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2
Q

function of basal ganglia?

A

receives signals from cortex & sends to thalamus, initiates thoughts/motivations

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3
Q

2 pathways in basal ganglia?

A

direct, indirect

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4
Q

function of direct pathway?

A

initiates movement

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5
Q

function of indirect pathway?

A

terminates movement

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6
Q

2 structures part of striatum?

A

caudate nucleus, putamen

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7
Q

2 subparts of globus pallidus?

A

external segment (GPe), internal segment (GPi)

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8
Q

2 subparts of substantia nigra?

A

SNpc, SNpr

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9
Q

what neurotransmitter does SNpc produce?

A

Dopamine

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10
Q

how direct pathways work?

A
  1. GABA released at GPi/SNpr inhibits activation
  2. increased activity of thalamus
  3. Glu released at cortex
  4. signal travels through spinal cord->brainstem
  5. movement
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11
Q

how indirect pathways work?

A
  1. GABA released at GPe inhibits activation
  2. No GABA released at STN
  3. increased activity of STN
  4. Glu released at GPi/SNpr activates it
  5. GABA released at thalamus
  6. decreased activity of thalamus
  7. Glu NOT released at cortex
  8. no signal to spinal cord->brainstem
  9. movement termination
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12
Q

function of Glu?

A

activation

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13
Q

function of GABA?

A

inhibition

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14
Q

function of DA?

A

activation

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15
Q

effect of DA release by SNpc at striatum?

A

inc. activity of direct pathway + dec. activity of indirect pathway

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16
Q

2 disease types for basal ganglia dysfunction?

A

parkinson disease + huntignton disease

17
Q

symptoms of parkinson disease?

A
  1. bradykinesia (slowed movement)
  2. rigidity
  3. tremor in joints
  4. gait/balance issues
18
Q

symptoms of huntington disease?

A
  1. chorea (rapid, involuntary movement)
  2. asthetosis (slow, writhing movement)
  3. ballism (flailing movement)
  4. cognitive decline
  5. psychological issues
19
Q

pathology of parkinson disease?

A

loss of DA from SNpc means less active direct pathway & more active indirect pathway = harder to initiate movements

20
Q

cause of huntington disease?

A

genetic disorder results in abnormal protein, leads to damage of GABA neurons in striatum = dec. activity of indirect pathway

21
Q

function of cerebellum?

A
  1. provides balance (connected to organs in inner ear)
  2. generates info required for complex movements
  3. receives info from cortex + basal ganglia about body position
22
Q

3 layers of cerebellum?

A
  1. molecular
  2. purkinje
  3. granular
23
Q

5 neuron types in cerebellum?

A
  1. purkinje
  2. granular
  3. basket
  4. stellate
  5. golgi
24
Q

function of purkinje cell?

A

sole output neuron, releases GABA at deep cerebellar neurons to inhibit complex movements

25
Q

function of granular cell?

A

activates basket + stellate cells by projecting parallel fibers to molecular layer

26
Q

function of basket cell?

A

inhibits function of purkinje cells

27
Q

function of stellate cell?

A

inhibits function of purkinje cells

28
Q

function of golgi cell?

A

inhibits function of granule cells

29
Q

which neurons are affected earlier on in huntington disease?

A

D2 neurons (indirect pathway)

30
Q

which neurons are NOT affected in huntington disease?

A

interneurons in striatum

31
Q

2 inputs of purkinje cells?

A

parallel + climbing fibers

32
Q

input of golgi cells?

A

mossy fibers + climbing fibers

33
Q

input of stellate cells?

A

parallel fibers

34
Q

input of basket cells?

A

parallel fibers

35
Q

input of granular cells?

A

mossy fibers

36
Q

function of parallel and climbing fibers?

A

convey error signals

PHRM 100 (10 decks)

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