Gross Anatomy Of Brain And Spinal Cord 2 Flashcards
Label the diagram left to right
What structure is located near the most right hand side one?
Genu
Corpus callosum
Body
Central sulcus
Parietooccipital sulcus
Splenium
Calcarine sulcus - location of visual cortex
Label the diagram 1-6
Anterior limb of internal capsule
Genu of internal capsule
Posterior limb of internal capsule
Splenium of corpus callosum
Thalamus
Head of caudate nucleus
What is the function of the internal capsule and what structures surround it?
Nerve fibres - corona radiata run from the cortex into the cerebrum via here.
Surrounded by the lentiform nucleus, caudate nucleus and the thalamus
Where is the location of the hypothalamus
Its function?
Inferior and anterior to the thalamus
Maintains homeostasis by monitoring internal environment such as blood glucose and body temp
Controls release of hormones from pituitary gland
Where is the pituitary gland and what’s its function?
Connected to hypothalamus via the pituitary stalk
Regulates hormone release through releasing or inhibiting hormones
Hormones include:
Growth hormone
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Follicle stimulating hormone
What is acromegaly and what causes it?
Overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland
- normally due to pituitary tumour, due to slow release this can arise over years
Symptoms include:
- growth of hands and feet, lips nose and tongue, deeper voice, increase in size of jaw
What are the brain ventricles, and their function? What cells are in there?
Fluid filled cavities that provide protection.
Produce and circulate CSF (through choroidal epithelial cells located in each ventricle)
What are the names of the ventricles and what joins each one? How does CSF leave the ventricles?
Lateral ventricles joined to third ventricle via the interventricular foramen
Third ventricle connects to fourth by cerebral aqueduct
CSF leaves 4th V via the lateral and median apertures into the subarachnoid space
What components make up the brainstem? What is its function?
Connection between the cerebrum, cerebellum and spinal cord.
Split into midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata.
Describe the gross structure of the spinal cord
Begins at foramen magnum and starts with C1-8, T1-12, L-5, S1-5
There is cervical enlargement at C4-T1
And lumbosacral enlargement at T11-S1
Describe the structure of a vertebrae of thoracic segment
2x posterior dorsal horn,
2x middle lateral horn,
2x anterior ventral horns
Sensory afferent information enters dorsal horn
Motor efferent leaves ventral horn
Describe the structure of a spinal nerve
Small rootlets converge to form a root.
Efferent ventral rootlets and afferent dorsal rootlets converge to form a spinal nerve
What are the layers of protection of the spinal cord from inner to outer
Pia mater
Arachinoid mater
Dura mater
Epidural fat
What is a myotome and a dermatome?
Myotome = anatomically and functionally related group of skeletal muscle
Dermatome = localised area of skin