Gross Anatomy Of Brain And Spinal Cord 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Label the diagram left to right

What structure is located near the most right hand side one?

A

Genu

Corpus callosum

Body

Central sulcus

Parietooccipital sulcus

Splenium

Calcarine sulcus - location of visual cortex

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2
Q

Label the diagram 1-6

A

Anterior limb of internal capsule

Genu of internal capsule

Posterior limb of internal capsule

Splenium of corpus callosum

Thalamus

Head of caudate nucleus

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3
Q

What is the function of the internal capsule and what structures surround it?

A

Nerve fibres - corona radiata run from the cortex into the cerebrum via here.

Surrounded by the lentiform nucleus, caudate nucleus and the thalamus

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4
Q

Where is the location of the hypothalamus

Its function?

A

Inferior and anterior to the thalamus

Maintains homeostasis by monitoring internal environment such as blood glucose and body temp

Controls release of hormones from pituitary gland

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5
Q

Where is the pituitary gland and what’s its function?

A

Connected to hypothalamus via the pituitary stalk

Regulates hormone release through releasing or inhibiting hormones

Hormones include:

Growth hormone
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Follicle stimulating hormone

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6
Q

What is acromegaly and what causes it?

A

Overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland

  • normally due to pituitary tumour, due to slow release this can arise over years

Symptoms include:

  • growth of hands and feet, lips nose and tongue, deeper voice, increase in size of jaw
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7
Q

What are the brain ventricles, and their function? What cells are in there?

A

Fluid filled cavities that provide protection.

Produce and circulate CSF (through choroidal epithelial cells located in each ventricle)

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8
Q

What are the names of the ventricles and what joins each one? How does CSF leave the ventricles?

A

Lateral ventricles joined to third ventricle via the interventricular foramen

Third ventricle connects to fourth by cerebral aqueduct

CSF leaves 4th V via the lateral and median apertures into the subarachnoid space

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9
Q

What components make up the brainstem? What is its function?

A

Connection between the cerebrum, cerebellum and spinal cord.

Split into midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata.

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10
Q

Describe the gross structure of the spinal cord

A

Begins at foramen magnum and starts with C1-8, T1-12, L-5, S1-5

There is cervical enlargement at C4-T1

And lumbosacral enlargement at T11-S1

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11
Q

Describe the structure of a vertebrae of thoracic segment

A

2x posterior dorsal horn,
2x middle lateral horn,
2x anterior ventral horns

Sensory afferent information enters dorsal horn

Motor efferent leaves ventral horn

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12
Q

Describe the structure of a spinal nerve

A

Small rootlets converge to form a root.

Efferent ventral rootlets and afferent dorsal rootlets converge to form a spinal nerve

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13
Q

What are the layers of protection of the spinal cord from inner to outer

A

Pia mater

Arachinoid mater

Dura mater

Epidural fat

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14
Q

What is a myotome and a dermatome?

A

Myotome = anatomically and functionally related group of skeletal muscle

Dermatome = localised area of skin

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