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Body Systems > Gross Anatomy Circulations > Flashcards

Gross Anatomy Circulations Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main types of circulatory systems?

A

Systemic and Pulmonary

These circulatory systems work together to transport blood throughout the body.

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2
Q

What does the blood circulatory system transport?

A

O2, Nutrients, CO2, Metabolic waste, Cells of immune system (WBCs), Hormones

These components are essential for maintaining homeostasis and supporting bodily functions.

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3
Q

What type of circuit is the blood circulatory system?

A

Closed circuit

In a closed circuit, blood is contained within vessels, allowing for efficient transport.

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4
Q

What is the function of arteries?

A

Carry blood away from the heart

Arteries are under high pressure and typically carry oxygen-rich blood.

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5
Q

What is the function of veins?

A

Return blood to the heart

Veins usually carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart.

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6
Q

What are capillaries and where are they found?

A

Sites of gas exchange between arteries and veins

Capillaries are small blood vessels that facilitate the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients.

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7
Q

What characterizes systemic circulation?

A

High pressure system, Takes oxygen-rich blood from the left side of the heart to the body tissues

This system returns oxygen-poor blood from the tissues to the right side of the heart.

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8
Q

What is the significance of knowing the location of arteries?

A

Allows calculation of heart rate by taking the pulse

Common pulse points include radial, carotid, brachial, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, and dorsalis pedis.

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9
Q

What characterizes pulmonary circulation?

A

Low pressure system, Takes blood low in oxygen from the right side of the heart to the lungs

This system returns oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left side of the heart.

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10
Q

What do pulmonary arteries carry?

A

Blood away from the heart, therefore oxygen poor

Pulmonary arteries are unique as they carry deoxygenated blood.

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11
Q

What do pulmonary veins carry?

A

Blood towards the heart, therefore oxygen rich

Pulmonary veins are unique as they carry oxygenated blood.

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ circuit involves the lungs.

A

Pulmonary

This circuit is crucial for oxygenation of blood.

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13
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ circuit involves the body organs and tissues.

A

Systemic

This circuit is responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients to the body’s cells.

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14
Q

What does the lymphatic system consist of?

A

Network of lymph vessels (help reabsorb fluid)
Lymph (watery solution)
Lymphatic tissues, and organs (i.e. tonsils, spleen, thymus)

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15
Q

What is one of the main functions of the lymphatic system?

A

Involved in the body’s defence mechanisms

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16
Q

What mechanism does the lymphatic system provide?

A

Drainage of interstitial fluid

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17
Q

What is the fluid called when it moves from the arterial end of the capillary into the interstitial space?

A

Interstitial fluid

18
Q

What is the term for fluid in the capillary?

A

Plasma

19
Q

What pushes fluid out of the capillary into the interstitial fluid?

A

Capillary blood pressure (CBP)

20
Q

What pulls fluid back into the capillary?

A

Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP)

21
Q

What is BCOP mainly due to?

A

Plasma proteins

22
Q

At which end of the capillary does filtration occur?

A

Arterial end

CBP is greater than BCOP here

23
Q

At which end of the capillary does reabsorption occur?

A

Occurs by osmosis

Venous end

BCOP is greater than CBP here

24
Q

Approximately what percentage of fluid is reabsorbed?

A

85%

25
Q

What happens to the remaining fluid that is not reabsorbed?

A

It must be removed from the interstitial space to prevent oedema (swelling)

By lymphatic capillaries

26
Q

What is the fluid called when it enters the lymphatic capillary?

A

Lymph

27
Q

What are lymphatic capillaries characterized by?

A

Blind-ended tubes adjacent to capillary beds

28
Q

What is a key structural difference between lymphatic capillaries and blood capillaries?

A

Lymphatic capillaries are closed at one end

29
Q

What prevents backflow of lymph in medium-sized lymphatic vessels?

A

Valves

30
Q

Where are superficial lymphatics located?

A

In the subcutaneous layer of skin and in areolar tissues of mucous membranes

31
Q

What do deep lymphatics accompany?

A

Deep arteries and veins

32
Q

What are the two large collecting vessels that lymphatic trunks empty into?

A

Thoracic duct and right lymphatic trunk

33
Q

What does the right lymphatic duct drain?

A

Lymph from the right side of the head, thorax, and right upper limb to the right subclavian vein (jugular)

34
Q

What does the thoracic duct drain?

A

Lymph from the remainder of the body

35
Q

Into which veins does lymph re-enter the blood vascular circulation?

A

Right subclavian vein and left subclavian vein

36
Q

Fill in the blank: Lymphatic capillaries are _____ ended tubes.

A

blind

37
Q

True or False: Lymphatic vessels have thicker walls than blood vessels.

A

False

38
Q

What is important about CBP and BCOP?

A

CBP decreases with progression along capillary

BCOP remains constant

39
Q

Describe the structure of lymphatic capillaries

A
  • Beginning of the lymphatic network
  • Branch through peripheral tissues
  • Closed at one end
  • Large luminal diameters
  • Thin walls and flattened
  • Lined by endothelial cells
  • Act as one-way valves
  • Have incomplete or absent basement membrane
40
Q

Describe the structure of small lymphatic vessels

A
  • walls contain 3 layers
  • medium-sized vessels also have valves
  • often associated with blood vessels
  • can be seen as pale gold in colour
41
Q

Describe the structure of major lymph-collecting vessels

A

Superficial lymphatic
- In subcutaneous layer of the skin
- In areolar tissues of mucus membranes that line the digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive tracts
- In the areolar tissue, serous membranes line the pleural, pericardial and peritoneal cavities

Deep lymphatic
- Accompany deep arteries and veins that supply the skeletal muscles and other organs of the neck, limbs, trunk and walls of the visceral organs

These form lymphatic trunks which empty into 2 large collecting vessels- the thoracic duct and the right lymphatic trunk

Body Systems (19 decks)

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