Gross anatomy and organization Flashcards
What are the three layers of the meninges?
Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
The meninges protect the brain and spinal cord.
Where is the subarachnoid space located?
Between the arachnoid membrane and pia mater
This space contains cerebrospinal fluid.
What separates the meninges from the bone in the vertebral canal?
Loose connective tissue
This allows for flexibility and movement.
What structure is derived from the dorsal portion of the metencephalon?
Cerebellum
The cerebellum is involved in coordination and balance.
What is the function of the middle cerebellar peduncle?
Transmits transverse fibers of the pons into the cerebellum
It connects the cerebellum to the pons.
What are the three types of cerebellar peduncles?
- Middle cerebellar peduncle
- Caudal cerebellar peduncle
- Rostral cerebellar peduncle
Each peduncle serves different pathways to and from the cerebellum.
What nuclei are found in the cerebellum?
- Fastigial nuclei
- Interposital nuclei
- Lateral cerebellar nuclei
These nuclei are involved in motor control.
What are the main components of the diencephalon?
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
- Metathalamus
- Subthalamus
- Epithalamus
The diencephalon is a key relay center in the brain.
What structure is located centrally in the diencephalon?
Third ventricle
It is surrounded by important nuclei.
What is the function of the rostral colliculi?
Involved in the visual system
They play a role in processing visual stimuli.
What is located ventral to the mesencephalic aqueduct?
Cerebral peduncle
This structure contains important pathways for motor control.
What does the trapezoid body connect?
Vestibulocochlear nerve and cochlear nuclei
It is involved in auditory processing.
The pyramids in the myelencephalon are formed by what type of fibers?
Paired axons from longitudinal fibers
These fibers are part of the corticospinal tracts.
What cranial nerves leave the medulla through the trapezoid body?
- Cranial nerve VI
- Cranial nerve VII
- Cranial nerve VIII
These nerves are involved in various sensory and motor functions.
Fill in the blank: The _______ is the roof of the 4th ventricle.
Rostral medullary velum
It plays a role in the brain’s ventricular system.
True or False: The dura mater is fused with the periosteum within the cranial cavity.
True
This fusion provides additional protection to the brain.
