Green Crime

Question 1

What does transgressive mean?

Answer 1

Looking at wider definitions of crime e.g. harm that crime causes

Question 2

What does anthropocentric mean?

Answer 2

Harm to the environment from the perspective of humanity

Question 3

Why is pollution a problem?

Answer 3

It damages human water supply or causes disease that are expensive to overcome

Question 4

Why is climate change a problem?

Answer 4

It’s impact on people and it’s economic cost

Question 5

What does ecocentric mean?

Answer 5

Harm to any aspect of the environment as harm to all of it e.g. animal cruelty

Question 6

Why does globalisation link to green crime?

Answer 6

Because environmental crimes are global crimes and a crime in one geographical location can have knock on effects across the planet

Question 7

Why is green crime hard to police?

Answer 7

An act can be done in one geographical location and not be considered a crime but have an effect on another location where it is a crime.
It can also be difficult to identify who caused the crime

Question 8

How do Situ and Emmons define green crime?

Answer 8

An unauthorised act or omission that violates the law of a state or national

Question 9

What does transgressive criminology look more at?

Answer 9

The harm that certain acts cause to determine criminality

Question 10

What does white argue that green crime is?

Answer 10

Any action that harms the physical environment and or human/ non - human animals within it even if not law has been broken

Question 11

What does Beck say about global and manufactured risk?

Answer 11

Today we can provide resources for all in the developing world but the increase in technology creates new manufactured risks which cause harm to the environment and have consequences

Question 12

Who is the key thinker of types of green crime?

Answer 12

Nigel South

Question 13

What is primary green crime?

Answer 13

Crimes that are a direct result of destruction and degradation of the earths resources e.g. air pollution, deforestation, species decline, animal abuse

Question 14

What is secondary green crime?

Answer 14

Crimes that happen because of rules aimed at preventing or regulating environmental disasters are ignored e.g. state violence against environmental groups

Question 15

Who are the victims of green crime?

Answer 15

Those in the developing world, poor and ethnic minorities because of the inability to move from the areas where toxic dumping takes place

Question 16

Who are the 4 perpetrators of green crime?

Answer 16

1. Individuals
2. Business
3. Governments
4. Organised crime

Question 17

How are individuals perpetrators of green crime?

Answer 17

Individuals have a cumulative effect in the environment, their acts may not have immediate impact but soon add up

Question 18

How are businesses perpetrators of green crime?

Answer 18

large corporations are responsible for the majority of the water, the air and land pollution due to the waste dumping and health and safety breaches

Question 19

What does Santana say about perpetrators of green crime?

Answer 19

The military are the biggest institutional polluter through unexplored bombs and lasting effects on toxic chemicals

Question 20

How is organised crime a perpetrator of green crime?

Answer 20

Because there are often collisions with governments and industries through contracts for waste disposal

Question 21

Evaluation: weaknesses

Answer 21

• it is difficult to study green crime because there is not an agreed definition
• it is difficult to assess the impact of green crime as it can have a long term impact

Question 22

Evaluation: strengths

Answer 22

• much of the research is based on case studies
• green crime can be accompanied by greater value judgments due to a lack of agreed definitions

Question 23

Evaluation: strengths

Answer 23

• much of the research is based on case studies
• green crime can be accompanied by greater value judgments due to a lack of agreed definitions