Green Crime Flashcards
What does transgressive mean?
Looking at wider definitions of crime e.g. harm that crime causes
What does anthropocentric mean?
Harm to the environment from the perspective of humanity
Why is pollution a problem?
It damages human water supply or causes disease that are expensive to overcome
Why is climate change a problem?
It’s impact on people and it’s economic cost
What does ecocentric mean?
Harm to any aspect of the environment as harm to all of it e.g. animal cruelty
Why does globalisation link to green crime?
Because environmental crimes are global crimes and a crime in one geographical location can have knock on effects across the planet
Why is green crime hard to police?
An act can be done in one geographical location and not be considered a crime but have an effect on another location where it is a crime.
It can also be difficult to identify who caused the crime
How do Situ and Emmons define green crime?
An unauthorised act or omission that violates the law of a state or national
What does transgressive criminology look more at?
The harm that certain acts cause to determine criminality
What does white argue that green crime is?
Any action that harms the physical environment and or human/ non - human animals within it even if not law has been broken
What does Beck say about global and manufactured risk?
Today we can provide resources for all in the developing world but the increase in technology creates new manufactured risks which cause harm to the environment and have consequences
Who is the key thinker of types of green crime?
Nigel South
What is primary green crime?
Crimes that are a direct result of destruction and degradation of the earths resources e.g. air pollution, deforestation, species decline, animal abuse
What is secondary green crime?
Crimes that happen because of rules aimed at preventing or regulating environmental disasters are ignored e.g. state violence against environmental groups
Who are the victims of green crime?
Those in the developing world, poor and ethnic minorities because of the inability to move from the areas where toxic dumping takes place
Who are the 4 perpetrators of green crime?
- Individuals
- Business
- Governments
- Organised crime
How are individuals perpetrators of green crime?
Individuals have a cumulative effect in the environment, their acts may not have immediate impact but soon add up
How are businesses perpetrators of green crime?
large corporations are responsible for the majority of the water, the air and land pollution due to the waste dumping and health and safety breaches
What does Santana say about perpetrators of green crime?
The military are the biggest institutional polluter through unexplored bombs and lasting effects on toxic chemicals
How is organised crime a perpetrator of green crime?
Because there are often collisions with governments and industries through contracts for waste disposal
Evaluation: weaknesses
- it is difficult to study green crime because there is not an agreed definition
- it is difficult to assess the impact of green crime as it can have a long term impact
Evaluation: strengths
- much of the research is based on case studies
- green crime can be accompanied by greater value judgments due to a lack of agreed definitions
Evaluation: strengths
- much of the research is based on case studies
- green crime can be accompanied by greater value judgments due to a lack of agreed definitions
