Functionalist and Marxist perspective re-test

Question 1

define crime

Answer 1

an action or behaviour that goes against the legislation of a particular country or state

Question 2

define deviance

Answer 2

actions which g against the norms and values of a society

Question 3

identify with an example 2 ways crime and deviance are socially constructed

Answer 3

1. context - wearing a bikini at the beach compared to in a shop
2. culturally - Arab culture believes it is disrespectful to eat with your left hand

Question 4

identify with a named sociologist 2 positive functions of crime

Answer 4

1. boundary maintenance and social cohesion - Durkheim
2. Safety valve - Davis / Polsky

Question 5

what are focal concerns? which sociologist researched them?

Answer 5

w/c have a different set of values or focal concerns to the rest of society which include hyper masculinity which can lead to criminal behaviour appearing normal - Miller

Question 6

which sociologist developed strain theory? which response to strain theory may lead people to crime?

Answer 6

Merton
innovation

Question 7

identify Cloward and Ohlin’s 3 subcultures

Answer 7

criminals
conformists
retreatists

Question 8

why is capitalism crimogenic?

Answer 8

it leads to crime as it causes exploitation of the working class.

Question 9

name 2 Marxist sociologists.
what do each say about crime?

Answer 9

Gordon - crime is a rational reaction to capitalist foci
Reiman - ruling class are likely to commit crime but less likely to have the offence treated as criminal
Chambliss - the law shaped to protect property and profits of the rich and powerful