Globalisation And Crime Flashcards
What is the definition of globalisation?
An ongoing process that involves interconnected changes in the economic, cultural, social and political spheres of society
What does globalisation as a process involve?
The ever-increasing integration of these aspects between nations, regions, communities and even seemingly isolated places
What does Held state about globalisation of crime?
It is the growing interconnectedness of crime across national boarders, sometimes referred to as transnational organised crime
What does Castells argue about a criminal economy?
There is now a global criminal economy of over £1 trillion per annum
Evaluation - strength - valuable
Focuses on the newest, most dramatic and serious of crimes
Evaluation - strength - led to more connectedness
Led to more connectedness between law enforcement agencies around the world
Evaluation - weakness - difficult to investigate
Difficult to investigate due to secretive and global nature
Evaluation - weakness - dependency on secondary sources
Dependency on secondary sources and reliable statistics are not available. Primary research can be dangerous
Evaluation - weakness - easily exaggerated
Easily exaggerated in terms of impact
What are new types of crime due to globalisation?
- drugs trade
- human trafficking
- financial crimes
- cyber crime
- transnational organised crime
- terrorism
How much is the global drugs trade now worth?
$300 billion per year
Where are drugs often cultivated?
Columbia, Peru and Afghanistan which have large impoverished populations
Why are drugs an attractive trade?
It requires little investment but commands high prices especially in the western world
What can human trafficking involve?
Trafficking of women and children as well as illegal immigrants and human body parts
How many organs per year are estimated to be trafficked?
Over 2000 organs per year from condemned or executed criminals
Why are women and children often trafficked?
For sex trade or slavery it is estimated that half a million people are trafficked to Western European annually
Why has money laundering become much easier?
relaxing of international banking laws means people can move money between offshore accounts easier or to haven countries where national laws don’t allow law enforcement access to accounts
How has cyber crime developed?
Out of growth in tech
What forms do cyber crime take?
Cyber fraud
Cyber theft
Cyber terrorism
Cyber violence
What type of crime is cyber crime and why?
A transnational crime because the hacker can be in one country whilst hacking a system in another country
What has the growth in organised crime networks been based on?
Economic links
What does Glenny call economic links?
“Mcmafia “
Where did mcmafia develop?
From the deregulation of global markets and the fall of the Soviet Union
What did old school mafias do?
Disperse around the world especially in places like the USA
