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Sociology - crime > Globalisation And Crime > Flashcards

Globalisation And Crime Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the definition of globalisation?

A

An ongoing process that involves interconnected changes in the economic, cultural, social and political spheres of society

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2
Q

What does globalisation as a process involve?

A

The ever-increasing integration of these aspects between nations, regions, communities and even seemingly isolated places

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3
Q

What does Held state about globalisation of crime?

A

It is the growing interconnectedness of crime across national boarders, sometimes referred to as transnational organised crime

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4
Q

What does Castells argue about a criminal economy?

A

There is now a global criminal economy of over £1 trillion per annum

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5
Q

Evaluation - strength - valuable

A

Focuses on the newest, most dramatic and serious of crimes

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6
Q

Evaluation - strength - led to more connectedness

A

Led to more connectedness between law enforcement agencies around the world

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7
Q

Evaluation - weakness - difficult to investigate

A

Difficult to investigate due to secretive and global nature

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8
Q

Evaluation - weakness - dependency on secondary sources

A

Dependency on secondary sources and reliable statistics are not available. Primary research can be dangerous

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9
Q

Evaluation - weakness - easily exaggerated

A

Easily exaggerated in terms of impact

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10
Q

What are new types of crime due to globalisation?

A
  • drugs trade
  • human trafficking
  • financial crimes
  • cyber crime
  • transnational organised crime
  • terrorism
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11
Q

How much is the global drugs trade now worth?

A

$300 billion per year

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12
Q

Where are drugs often cultivated?

A

Columbia, Peru and Afghanistan which have large impoverished populations

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13
Q

Why are drugs an attractive trade?

A

It requires little investment but commands high prices especially in the western world

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14
Q

What can human trafficking involve?

A

Trafficking of women and children as well as illegal immigrants and human body parts

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15
Q

How many organs per year are estimated to be trafficked?

A

Over 2000 organs per year from condemned or executed criminals

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16
Q

Why are women and children often trafficked?

A

For sex trade or slavery it is estimated that half a million people are trafficked to Western European annually

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17
Q

Why has money laundering become much easier?

A

relaxing of international banking laws means people can move money between offshore accounts easier or to haven countries where national laws don’t allow law enforcement access to accounts

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18
Q

How has cyber crime developed?

A

Out of growth in tech

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19
Q

What forms do cyber crime take?

A

Cyber fraud
Cyber theft
Cyber terrorism
Cyber violence

20
Q

What type of crime is cyber crime and why?

A

A transnational crime because the hacker can be in one country whilst hacking a system in another country

21
Q

What has the growth in organised crime networks been based on?

A

Economic links

22
Q

What does Glenny call economic links?

A

“Mcmafia “

23
Q

Where did mcmafia develop?

A

From the deregulation of global markets and the fall of the Soviet Union

24
Q

What did old school mafias do?

A

Disperse around the world especially in places like the USA

25
Q

what has made international terrorism easier?

A

technological and communication advancements

26
Q

how have technological and communication advancements made terrorism easier?

A

groups can communicate with members all over the world and cultivate in-state members through online radicalisation

27
Q

what are the impacts of globalisation on crime?

A

individualisation
opportunities
disorganised capitalism
risk society
problems with policing
more inequality

28
Q

who suggested that individualism was an impact of globalisation on crime?

A

Bauman

29
Q

what does Bauman suggest about individualism?

A

growing individualism and consumer culture means individuals are left to weigh the cost and benefit of their decisions and choose the best course to bring them the highest rewards which can lead to people taking part in criminal activity to achieve the consumer lifestyle which is otherwise unobtainable

30
Q

how do opportunities impact globalisation on crime?

A

growing globalisation, technological advancements and communications has led to newer crime and new ways to carry these out.

31
Q

opportunities - how does the dark web allow criminals to commit crimes?

A

allows criminals to communicate and conduct crimes whilst undetected.
Crimes can also be committed in one nation whilst the criminal is in another

32
Q

who suggested that disorganised capitalism has an impact on globalisation of crime?

A

Lash and Urry

33
Q

What do Lash and Urry suggest about disorganised capitalism?

A

increased deregulation and fewer state controls over business and finance.

34
Q

How do corporations now act? what does Taylor say this has led to?

A

transitionally - moving money, manufacturing, waste disposal and staff around the world to increase profits and lower regulation.
Leading to greater job insecurity, less social cohesion and fewer job opportunities in the west which can increase crime rates.

35
Q

who suggested that risk society is an impact of globalisation of crime?

A

Beck

36
Q

what does Beck suggest about risk society?

A

growing instability in the globalised world has led to people being more risk conscious

37
Q

what are the causes of the risk?

A

often global in nature which can make it hard to pinpoint who is responsible and the media can play on this fear which can lead to hate crimes and racially motivated crimes

38
Q

how do problems with policing impact globalisation of crime?

A

due to crimes becoming transnational it requires coorporation between many different law enforcment agencies to bring the criminals to justice.
Also what is illegal in one country may not be illegal in another and so if the criminal and victim are in each of these countries it’s hard to determine jurisdiction

39
Q

who suggested that more inequality is an impact of globalisation on crime?

A

Taylor

40
Q

what does Taylor suggest about more inequality?

A

globalisation creates new patters of inequality. The winners from the process = rich financial investors and transnational corporations

41
Q

what are the disadvantaged in both the developing and developed world faced with?

A

greater insecurity and greater relative deprivation which then feeds criminal behaviour

42
Q

How much do Chinese Triads make annually by smuggling of illegal immigrants?

A

$2.5 billion

43
Q

How many people did the national crime agency 2014 estimate to be victims of slavery in Britain?

A

13,000

44
Q

How much does the drugs trade make a year in street prices?

A

$300-400 billion

45
Q

In Columbia what percentage of the population is dependant upon cocaine production?

A

20%

Sociology - crime (15 decks)

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