Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

My Deck CMS > Greece and Eastern Europe > Flashcards

Greece and Eastern Europe Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

Name three producers of Tokaji Aszú wines?

A

Royal Tokaj Wine Company, Disznoko and Oremus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the three important varieties for Tokaji wine. What does each grape contribute to the final wine?

A

Furmint - most important, thin-skinned so susceptible to botrytis so high in acid

Hárslevelu - a high sugar variety that provides body and citrus aromas

Sárga Muskotály (Muscat Blanc à Petit Grains) - seasoning variety, only used in small doses if at all to add perfumed aromas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does Szamorodni mean? What style of wine is it?

A

Literally ‘as it comes’. Wine made in a Tokaj that does not utilise the soaking method for Tokaji Aszú.

Szamarodni styles:
(Száraz) a dry style which sometimes undergoes partial oxidised ageing under a flor-like yeast.

(Edes) sweet style, some botrytis influence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the vineyard classifications in Tokaj?

A

Vineyards are classified or unclassified. The classified vineyards are separated into 1st, 2nd and 3rd growths. There are also two great 1st growths of Tokaj: Mézes Maly and Szarvas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name the two Great First Growths of Tokaj

A

Szarvas and Mézes Mály

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many first growth vineyards are there in Tokaj?

A

74

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the following requirements for Tokaji Aszú:

Ageing;
RS; and
Minimum achieved alcohol
.

A

Ageing: at least two years with 18 months spent in barrel

RS: minimum 120 g/l

Achieved alcohol: minimum 9%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a gönc?

A

Hungarian oak cask usually 136L is volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name the three wine regions of Hungary

A

North Hungary, Transdanubia and the southern Great Plain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where is the DO of Eger located?

A

In North Hungary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What style of wine is Eger most well known for?

A

Egri Bikavér (the Bull’s Blood of Eger)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What variety(s) is Egri Bikavér made from?

A

Usually a blend, though Kékfrankos (Blaufranksich) is the most important variety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which regions of Hungary may use the term Bikavér?

A

Eger and Szekszárd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the main variety of Sopron?

A

Kékfrankos (Blaufranksich)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where is Sopron located?

A

In the North-west of Transdanubia. Sopron is a continuation of the Burgenland in Austria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which lake lies in the Center of Transdanubia?

A

Lake Balaton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is Villány located?

A

Southern Transdanubia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What varieties are grown in Villány?

A

Kékfrankos and Bordeaux varieties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Name the 4 greater wine regions of Greece

A

Mainland Greece, Peloponesse, the Ioanian Islands and the Aegean Islands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the structure of Greek wine Law?

A

Two streams: PDOs (EU PDOs) and PGIs (PGIs).

  • PDOs have stricter requirements regarding allowed varieties, yields, minimum alcohol etc.
  • PGIs more focused on regional protection, less requirements as to what can be grown/produced in the PGI. The exception to this are the two tradition PGIs: Retsina and Verdea.
  • PGIs vary in type: PGI region, PGI district and PGI area.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the requirements for a wine to be labelled with a PDO?

A
  • 100% of the fruit must come from within the PDO and the fruit must be vinified within the PDO.
  • The specific requirements of a PDO are adhered to.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Name the two Greek PDOs that allow international varieties. What varieties (including natives if allowed) do these PDOs allow?

A
  • Slopes of Milton PDO (Macedonia) - Limnio, Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc
  • Messenikola PDO (Thessaly) - Mavro Messenikola, Carignan and Syrah
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What seas surround Greece?

A

To the west - Ioanian Sea
To the East - Aegean Sea
South of Crete - Libyan Sea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Broadly, what are key climatic factors for viticulture in Greece?

A
  • Proximity to the Mediterranean Sea. Along the coast and any real lowlands in Greece means you are in a Mediterranean climate.
  • Latitude - 34th and 42nd parallels. Greece sits at a some of the lowest latitudes in Europe, further building on the Mediterranean climate
  • Mountains and elevation. Greece is a very mountainous country. In most parts of Greece, high quality viticulture is only possible due to the cooling influences of these elevated sites.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the largest mountain range in Greece?

A

The Pindos which runs north to south in mainland Greece.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Name the regions within Mainland Greece.

A
  • Macedonia
  • Thrace
  • Epirus
  • Thessaly
  • Sterea Ellada (Central Greece)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What do the terms Reserve and Grand Reserve mean in Greek wine law?

A

Refers to amount of oak ageing a wine has undergone. The term is only allowed for PDO wines.

  • For white wines: Reserve wines must be aged for a year - 6 months in barrel, 3 months in the bottle. Grand Reserve wines must be aged for 2 years - 12 months in barrel, 6 months in the bottle.
  • For red wines: Reserve wines must be aged for 2 years - 12 months in barrel, 6 months in the bottle. Grand Reserve wines must be aged for 4 years - 18 months in barrel, 18 months in the bottle.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Name the regions within the Aegean Sea

A

The Cyclades, the Northern Aegean Sea, the Dodecanese and Crete.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the climatic factors to consider for Macedonia?

A

Most northern part of Greece - Marginally cooler/more continental than in the south.
Elevation - Like the rest of Greece, elevation is key. Few vineyards planted on the lowlands - soils are too richer and overall too warm.

30
Q

What are the key grape varieties of Macedonia?

A

Red varieties dominate Macedonia.

  • Xinomavro - The most important variety in Macedonia, is the dominant variety in 3 of the 4 PDOs in Macedonia.
  • Negoska - a red blending variety that has a soft-black fruited flavour and texture.
  • Limnio - a common red variety in Greece, makes somewhat rustic wines.
  • Cabernet Sauvignon and other international varieties.

White varieties

  • Assyrtiko - mostly found around Amynteo PDO for PGI white sparkling wines
  • Athiri - a white variety from Santorini, co-oped into the Slopes of Milton PDO
  • Roditis - 2nd most common white variety in Greece
31
Q

Describe how a dry wine made from Xinomavro should smell and taste

A

Aromas of fresh red and black cherries. Green herbs, tomato and black olives. Structurally medium - medium plus alcohol, medium - medium plus body, high acid and high tannin.

32
Q

Name the PDOs of Macedonia

A

Amynteo PDO, Naoussa PDO, Goumenissa PDO and Slopes of Meliton PDO

33
Q

Allowed varieties and styles under Amynteo PDO

A
  • Only Xinomavro is allowed.
  • May make still rose wine, still red wines and sparkling rose wines.
  • Sparkling wines may be made using the traditional method or tank method.
34
Q

Key climatic factors for Amynteo PDO

A
  • Located in one of the coolest pockets of Greece.
  • The PDO is located on an elevated plateau between 520 and 700 meters in altitude.
  • Because of the plateau, most vineyards planted on elevate flatlands, not slopes.
  • Quite rare, the PDO is surrounded by lakes, further moderating the temperature in the PDO.
35
Q

Key climatic factors for Naoussa PDO

A
  • Closer to the Aegean Sea than Amynteo PDO.
  • Elevation ranges from 80 to 250 meters in altitude. Because of this lower elevation, most vineyards are planted on slopes.
  • Mount Vermion, a common ski resort offers ideal east-facing slopes.
  • More clay and limestone in the soils allows for greater water retention, necessary as not as wet as Amynteo PDO.
36
Q

What varieties and styles of wines can be made under Naoussa PDO?

A
  • Only Xinomavro may be used.
  • Dry wines dominate the region.
  • Semi-dry and semi-sweet wines are allowed under the PDO, but are rarely seen.
37
Q

Describe the traditional and modern schools of Xinomavro in Naoussa

A
  • Traditional producers prefer Xinomavro to be lighter in colour and body. More earthy and rustic aromas and flavours.
  • Modern producers prefer Xinomavro to offer more weight of fruit, a darker colour and more extraction.
38
Q

Key climatic factors for Goumenissa PDO

A

-Of the Xinomavro based PDOs, Goumenissa PDO has the lowest elevation, overall more sunshine and the heaviest soils.

39
Q

What varieties and styles are allowed under the Goumenissa PDO?

A
  • Only dry red wines

- Xinomavro forms the core of the blend, though a minimum of 20% Negoska must be used.

40
Q

Key climatic factors for Slopes of Milton PDO?

A
41
Q

What styles of wine and varieties are allowed under the Slopes Of Milton PDO?

A
  • Dry white wines from blends of Assyrtiko, Roditis and Athiri
  • Dry red wines from Limnio, Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc.
42
Q

Who owns the vineyards within the Slopes of Milton PDO?

A

The PDO is a monopole vineyard owned by the historic Domaine Porto Carras.

43
Q

Why is the Mount Athos PGI (area) significant?

A

-It covers the historic Mount Athos vineyard. The vineyard is planted to mostly Cabernet Sauvignon with other varieties. Due to its religious connections, it is known as a mystical place.

44
Q

Why is the Epanomi PGI (district) significant?

A

-It is home to Gerovassiliou, a producer who established the aromatic Malagousia variety as an important white variety for northern Greece.

45
Q

Why is the Drama PGI (district) significant?

A

-It is a small PGI that borders Thrace. Well known for its more continental climate so international red varieties and Agiorgitiko are commonly planted. The region is also known for Siatista - a sweet wine made from dried Xinomavro and Moschomavro.

46
Q

What is Siatista?

A

-A sweet red wine made from dried Xinomavro and Moschomavro.

47
Q

Key climatic factors for the region of Thrace

A
  • Very moist due to its proximity to the Aegean and Black Seas.
  • The Rudolphi Mountains to the north also prevent cool winds from central and eastern Europe from regulating the warm winds off the the Aegean Sea.
48
Q

What are the key varieties for Thrace?

A
  • Mavroudi - a small-berried and tannic red variety

- Limnio

49
Q

Name the PDOs in Thessaly

A

-Rapsani PDO, Anchialos PDO and Messenikola PDO

50
Q

Key climatic factors for Thessaly?

A
  • Large swaths of Thessaly are fertile flatlands, more suited to agriculture than viticulture.
  • The Pindos mountains run through the middle of Thessaly, providing plenty of elevation and poorer soils for vineyards. The mountains also provide some lakes and snow-melt, providing the vineyards of Thessaly with plenty of water.
  • An open coastline to the east allows the Aegean Sea to provide plenty of influence making the less elevated parts of Thessaly decidedly Mediterranean in climate.
  • Mt Olympus, Greece’s highest mountain, sits in the eastern part of the region.
51
Q

What are the key varieties for Thessaly

A
  • White: Roditis, Savatiano and Muscat of Hamburg. Muscat of Hamburg is mostly used for Tsipouro (grappa)
  • Red: Xinomavro, Limniona - a thin-skinned red variety indigenous to the region. Presents itself like Pinot Noir, not featured in any PDOs.
52
Q

Key climatic factors for Rapsani PDO?

A

-The PDO straddles the eastern slopes of Mt Olympus. Vineyards planted anywhere from 150 - 800 meters in altitude.

53
Q

What styles of wine and varieties may be used in Rapsani PDO?

A
  • Dry red wines made from a blend that is majority Xinomavro with Krasato and Stavroto as blending grapes.
54
Q

What styles of wine and what varieties may be used in Anchialos PDO?

A
  • Dry whites, semi-dry whites and semi-sweet whites.

- Minimum 80% Roditis and Savatiano as a blending grape.

55
Q

Key climatic factors for Messenikola PDO

A
  • Sits in the south-west of Thessaly.
  • Sits on the banks of Lake Plastira provides access to water
  • Gravel-rich soils encourages red varieties due to the warmth provided by the gravel
  • Elevated sites, vineyards can get as high as 750 meters in altitude.
56
Q

What styles of wine and what varieties may be used in Messenikola PDO?

A

-Dry red wines made from a minimum 70% Mavro Messenikola and a maximum combined 30% Carignan and Syrah.

57
Q

Key climatic factors for Epirus?

A
  • Western-most region for mainland Greece. Somewhat cooler due to proximity to the relatively cooler Ioanian Sea.
  • Some of the most mountainous parts of Greece, average elevation is 700 meters in altitude.
58
Q

Name the PDOs of Epirus

A

-Zitsa PDO

59
Q

Key climatic factors of Zitsa PDO

A
  • Sits on a elevated plateau. Vineyards sit between 500 and 700 meters high.
  • Ioanian Sea to the west acts as a cooling influence.
  • Pindos Mountains to the east helps trap the cool area from the Ioanian Sea in the region.
  • Plenty of rainfall
  • Limestone heavy soils.
60
Q

What styles of wine and what varieties are allowed under Zitsa PDO?

A
  • Dry white wines.
  • Dry and semi-dry sparkling wines.
  • All made from Debina.
  • Sparkling wines may be made using traditional method or tank method.
61
Q

What styles of wine does the variety Debina lend itself to? Why?

A
  • Dry whites, dry sparkling and semi-dry sparkling.
  • It is low alcohol, high acid variety that is also semi-aromatic.
  • It is mostly grown on the limestone heavy soils of Zitsa PDO.
62
Q

Why is the Metsovo PGI (area) significant?

A

-most important part of Epirus for dry red wines. Made from Cabernet Sauvignon and blended with the indigenous Bekari and Vlahiko

63
Q

Key climatic factors for Sterea Ellada?

A
  • The center of Greece, covers plenty of flatlands with fertile soils.
  • More elevation in the northern part of the region, around the southern parts of the Pindos mountains.
64
Q

What style of wine is Sterea Ellada most known for?

A

-Retsina. A dry white wine flavoured with resin.

65
Q

What are the key climatic factors for the Peloponnese?

A
  • One of Greece’s largest peninsulas, located in the south of Greece.
  • Surrounded by the Ioanian Sea to the west, with the Aegean Sea in the south and east, means on the flatlands very warm climate. Due to the peninsula’s size, the center is more continental.
  • Like the rest of Greece, elevation is key for quality viticulture.
  • Higher rainfall in the west, more arid in the east.
66
Q

Name the seven communes within Peloponnese

A

Corinthea, Argolis, Achaea, Illia, Arcadia, Messinia and Laconia

67
Q

Name the PDOs within Peloponnese

A

-Nemea PDO, Patras PDO, Muscat of Patras PDO, Muscat of Rio Patras PDO, Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO, Mantina PDO and Monemvasia-Malvasia PDO

68
Q

Key climatic factors for Nemea PDO?

A

-Sits in the mountainous area between the communes of Corinthia and Argolida. Three ‘zones’ of elevation. Lowest zone between 200-450 meters in elevation. This zone has mostly clay-based soils. Middle zone between 450-650 meters in elevation and a mix between clay and limestone soils. Highest zone between 650-860 meters in elevation with mostly limestone-based soils.

69
Q

What styles and varieties are allowed under Nemea PDO?

A
  • Dry red wines
  • semi-sweet red wines (fortified)
  • VDLs
  • VDNs.
  • All from Agiorgtiko.
70
Q

What style of wine is Agiorgitiko most suited to? Why?

A

-Still and dry red wines. It is a deeply coloured variety that shows plump red and black plums, with sweet spices and cocoa. It’s high acid and tannins make it more suitable for dry wines.

71
Q

Two other names for Agiorgtiko?

A

-St George’s grape and the Blood of Hercules.

72
Q

Name two of Nemea’s top producers?

A

-Gaia and Skouras.

My Deck CMS (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions