GRE Official Practice Test Flashcards
Object relations therapy
Object relations theory in psychoanalytic psychology is the process of developing a psyche in relation to others in the environment during childhood. Based on psychodynamic theory, the object relations theory suggests that the way people relate to others and situations in their adult lives is shaped by family experiences during infancy. For example, an adult who experienced neglect or abuse in infancy would expect similar behavior from others who remind them of the neglectful or abusive person from their past. These images of people and events turn into objects in the unconscious that the person carries into adulthood, and they are used by the unconscious to predict people’s behavior in their social relationships and interactions.
Blocking the reuptake of a neurotransmitter has what effect?
it prolongs the effects of the neurotransmitter at the synapse
The auditory and vestibular systems are alike in that both
depend on hair ceels to transduce the proximal stimulus into neural activity
The terms purposive behaviorism and sign-gestalt learning are used to describe the learning theory developed by who?
Edward Tolman
Purposive Behaviorism
Purposive behaviorism is a branch of psychology that was introduced by Edward Tolman. It combines the objective study of behavior while also considering the purpose or goal of behavior. Tolman thought that learning developed from knowledge about the environment and how the organism relates to its environment.
Sign-Gestalt learning was developed by who?
Edward Tolman. In his Sign Gestalt Theory, he put forth the notion that there are three parts to learning which work together as a gestalt. These are the “significant” or goal of behavior, the “sign” or signal for action, and “means-end relations” which were internal processes and relationships. He believed learning is an accumulation of these sign gestalts, and that they are then configured into cognitive maps. Input about the environment, which is ongoing, also influences behavior in that it causes certain gestalts to be selected or not, in relation to the individuals purpose or goals, and other factors. In this sense, learning is unique to each individual.
How do fixed action patterns work?
Fixed action patterns, or similar behaviour sequences, are produced by a neural network known as the innate releasing mechanism in response to an external sensory stimulus known as a sign stimulus or releaser. A fixed action pattern is one of the few types of behaviors which was thought to be “hard-wired” and instinctive.
True or False? Sound localization is determined by the fact that sound typically reaches the two ears at different times.
True. Sound localization is determined by the fact that sound typically reaches the two ears at different times.
Who was the original birth order theorist?
Alfred Adler
What does research say about first-born children?
As explained by Stewart, using Adler’s framework, the firstborn child (or one with the “oldest” role) would be most likely to take on a leadership position, to like it when people stick to rules and order, and to strive toward achievement goals. The firstborn may be sensitive to being “dethroned” by younger sibs who drain away the attention of parents that the firstborn enjoyed before they came along.
What does research say about the youngest children?
The youngest child may feel less capable and experienced, and perhaps is a bit pampered by parents and even older sibs. As a result, the youngest may develop social skills that will get other people to do things for them, thus contributing to their image as charming and popular.
Recent findings indicate that new neurons form in which area of the adult mammalian brain?
hippocampus
Type A personalities are
The theory describes Type A individuals as ambitious, rigidly organized, highly status-conscious, sensitive, impatient, take on more than they can handle, want other people to get to the point, anxious, proactive, and concerned with time management. People with Type A personalities are often high-achieving “workaholics”, push themselves with deadlines, and hate both delays and ambivalence.[4]
Who is credited with developing the idea of an inferiority complex?
Alfred Adler. it is rooted in psychoanalytic theory
Psychoanalysis, Chodorow
Chodorow sees gender differences as compromise formations of the Oedipal complex.
