GRE Diagnostic Test 2 study cards Flashcards
Change Blindness is most likely to occur during…
saccadic eye movement when person moves both eyes from one point of fixation to the next
The majority of individuals with color deficiency….
are male dichromats. Faulty genes in long or medium photopigment
Motion parallax
monocular depth cue in which we view objects that are closer to us and moving faster than objects that are further away from us
To measure brain activity while reading which technology is best?
FMRI
Cortisol is secreted by
the adrenal glands. It is a glucocorticoid associated with waking stress
Jessica’s grandma has a stroke. Damage s to the third frontal convolution on the left hemisphere, just above the lateral of Sylvian fissure and adjacent tot he primary motor cortex. What brain area is this and what is the effect?
Stroke corresponds to Broca’s are. Damage to Broca’s area tends to leave comprehension in tact while impairing speech production
What does a dopaminergic antagonist do?
Decrease the storage of dopamine vesicles. As an agonist it inhibits the activity of dopamine system.
1 Are Fragile X, Sickle Cell Anemia, and PKU heritable?
2 Are Down Syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, and turner syndrome heritable?
1 Yes
2 No; these are the result from meiosis errors due to parental age
Chemotherapy agents are ineffective in brain tumor treatment. Why?
Brain is protected from circulating toxins by the blood-brain barrier, formed by astrocytes.
1 Nasal Hemiretinas
2 temporal hemiretinas
1 Are nearest to the nose
2 form the lateral half of he retina (toward the temporal lobes).
Images to the left of the center, assuming the eyes are focused on a point directly ahea, will be processed by the visual cortex in the right hemisphere
Damage to orbitofrontal cortex will :
have deficits in impulse control and delayed gratification., make poor decisions
Prenatal testosterone
plays a signifcant role in the lateralization of language functions and handedness in humans. This is an ORGANIZATIONAL HORMONE
Tradition antipsychotic medications such as phenothiazines act by…
blocking dopamine receptors
Medulla
This section of the brain helps transfer messages to the spinal cord and the thalamus in the brain from the body and controls breathing, heart function, blood vessel function, digestion, sneezing, and swallowing. Sensory and motor neurons from the forebrain and midbrain travel through the medulla.
Oxytocin
mating and parenting behavior
Substance P
acting as a neurotransmitter and as a neuromodulator.
ERPs
Can indicate whether sounds are being processed normally by the brain
Balance can be affected by damage to the
Vestibular system of the inner ear are important for balance
_____ hand is controlled by the ____ hemisphere according to study by Sperry & Gazzaniga. It is a mistake to thing the _______ hemisphere processes no language at all.
left hand; right hemisphere; right
Sympathetic System
The sympathetic nervous system is part of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which is responsible for helping to regulate a variety of body functions, including heart rate, breathing, sweating, and digestion. INCREASE; CONTRAST TO PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
Parasympathetic Nervous System
The part of the involuntary nervous system that serves to SLOW the heart rate, increase intestinal and glandular activity, and relax the sphincter muscles.
In Multiple Sclerosis, the immune system…
attacks the oligodendrocytes that form myelin in the central nervous system
If a recording of the current across a neural membrane changes from -70 mV to -80 mV…
the cells has become HYPERPOLARIZED, and is probably in the refractory period
Polarization refers to….
being apart, so a change from -70mV to -80 mV represents an increase in polarization. Following an action potential, a cell membrane is usually hyperpolarized due to the relatively slow closure of potassium channels. because it takes much more input to depolaizr the cell from -80mV to threshold than it does to depolarize the cell from -70mV to threshold, this represents a long refractory period. The cell is capable of firing again as soon as the sodium channels are reset by a return to a negative recording, but because of the distance to threshold, more than the usual input is needed to fire.
Amphetamines act by…
ENHANCING the release of DOPAMINE from the axon terminal
Benzodiazepines (tranquilizers) and barbiturates should not be combined with drugs and alcohol because…
all three drugs are agonists for the inhibitory neurochemical GABA. THis can lead to reduced brain functioning and death
Conversion Disorder
mental condition in which a person has blindness, paralysis, or other nervous system (neurologic) symptoms that cannot be explained by medical evaluation.
Emotion disclosure
is recommended for psychological AND physiological trauma for all to help HEALING
Avolition
Avolition, as a symptom of various forms of psychopathology, is the decrease in the motivation to initiate and perform self-directed purposeful activities.
People with schizophrenia show decreased activity in this part of the brain…
frontal lobes
These neurochemicals may be associated with strange behavior in schizophrenia patients…
DOPAMINE AGONISTS can produce psychosis and DOPAMINE ANTAGONISTS reduce psychosis for most patients.
Phencycline (PCP) is a GLUTAMATE ANTAGONIST and produces a rather violent form of PSYCHOSIS that is nonetheless similar to schizophrenia
How do the newer antipsychotic meds (clozapine) compare with traditional antipsychotics (phenothiazines)?
the never ones are more effective in treating neg symptoms
MDD rates decrease over adult life span. True or False?
True
People with untreated MDD show which abnormality in their sleep patterns?
They spend too much time in REM sleep. Serotonin suppresses sleep, since MDD persons have low levels of serotonin they have too much REM. SSRIs decrease REM.
Tranquilizers such as Benzodiazepines and alcohol probably have their main anxiety-reducing effects by…
enhancing the inhibitory effects of GABA agonists
People diagnosed with PTSD show which phsyical correlates?
smaller hippocampal volume
Autism treatment:
small number of antipsychotics have been approved for use with severely impaired autistic children who engage in self-injurious behavior. Nonetheless, many physicians medicate childrenw ith austism with a whole host of off-label meds for anxiety, ADHD, etc
Low reactivity in children ….
are bold and fearless. at risk for antisocial behavior
Piaget’s class inclusion defined:
a child looking at 4 apples and 6 bananas understand there are more FRUITS than BANANAs.
Erik Erickson and Piaget’s theories can be classified as
discontinous theories because the stage changes are so abrupt
Babinski Reflex
neonatal reflex causes baby’s toes to spread out in response to stroking the bottom of the foot
The nervous system developes from which germ layer of the embryo
ectoderm (this also gives rise to skin)
Selective attention
reaches adult levels in elementary school, comparable to adult levels
Myers-Briggs is based on
Jung’s personality type-work.
Allport’s cardinal Traits
are rare and truly dominate a person’s life
Horney
attempted to modify Freud’s theories from a female perspective. She is mentioned frequently in gender study courses
Carl Roger’s sense of congruence
the sense of similarity between the real and ideal selves
Extroversion
has been identified across the Animal Kingdom: Think SHY emili dickinson and Lucretia McEvil
What did Sherif’s classic Robbers Cave experiment show?
Experiment with young boys at summer camp both intitated prejudice between arbitrary groups of campers and then decreased prejudice by bringing the boys together to solve MUTUAL problems such as a break in the camps’ water supply
Relational Self
We modify our behavior somewhat based on the people with whom we’re interaction
According to terror management theory, reminding people of their own mortality
enhances their self-esteem.
Prejudices are _______; stereotypes are ______, and discrimination is a ______________
attitudes, cognitions, behavior
Functionalism as described by WILLIAMS JAMES viewed behavior as _______________. This idea extended __________’s emphasis on the goals of survival and reproductive success.
purposeful; Darwin
Controversal status in a sociometric study indicates that
child receives many DISLIKED NOMINATIONS, but she is liked by the MOST POPULAR children in the class.
Quasi-experimental research
Quasi-experimental research shares similarities with the traditional experimental design or randomized controlled trial, but they specifically lack the element of random assignment to treatment or control.
Cronbach’s alpha measures
internal consistency. .70 is acceptable
Animal research in psychology
makes up a very small percentage (7-8%) of published studies in psych journals
