GRE Diagnostic Test 2 study cards Flashcards
Change Blindness is most likely to occur during…
saccadic eye movement when person moves both eyes from one point of fixation to the next
The majority of individuals with color deficiency….
are male dichromats. Faulty genes in long or medium photopigment
Motion parallax
monocular depth cue in which we view objects that are closer to us and moving faster than objects that are further away from us
To measure brain activity while reading which technology is best?
FMRI
Cortisol is secreted by
the adrenal glands. It is a glucocorticoid associated with waking stress
Jessica’s grandma has a stroke. Damage s to the third frontal convolution on the left hemisphere, just above the lateral of Sylvian fissure and adjacent tot he primary motor cortex. What brain area is this and what is the effect?
Stroke corresponds to Broca’s are. Damage to Broca’s area tends to leave comprehension in tact while impairing speech production
What does a dopaminergic antagonist do?
Decrease the storage of dopamine vesicles. As an agonist it inhibits the activity of dopamine system.
1 Are Fragile X, Sickle Cell Anemia, and PKU heritable?
2 Are Down Syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, and turner syndrome heritable?
1 Yes
2 No; these are the result from meiosis errors due to parental age
Chemotherapy agents are ineffective in brain tumor treatment. Why?
Brain is protected from circulating toxins by the blood-brain barrier, formed by astrocytes.
1 Nasal Hemiretinas
2 temporal hemiretinas
1 Are nearest to the nose
2 form the lateral half of he retina (toward the temporal lobes).
Images to the left of the center, assuming the eyes are focused on a point directly ahea, will be processed by the visual cortex in the right hemisphere
Damage to orbitofrontal cortex will :
have deficits in impulse control and delayed gratification., make poor decisions
Prenatal testosterone
plays a signifcant role in the lateralization of language functions and handedness in humans. This is an ORGANIZATIONAL HORMONE
Tradition antipsychotic medications such as phenothiazines act by…
blocking dopamine receptors
Medulla
This section of the brain helps transfer messages to the spinal cord and the thalamus in the brain from the body and controls breathing, heart function, blood vessel function, digestion, sneezing, and swallowing. Sensory and motor neurons from the forebrain and midbrain travel through the medulla.
Oxytocin
mating and parenting behavior
Substance P
acting as a neurotransmitter and as a neuromodulator.
ERPs
Can indicate whether sounds are being processed normally by the brain
Balance can be affected by damage to the
Vestibular system of the inner ear are important for balance
_____ hand is controlled by the ____ hemisphere according to study by Sperry & Gazzaniga. It is a mistake to thing the _______ hemisphere processes no language at all.
left hand; right hemisphere; right
Sympathetic System
The sympathetic nervous system is part of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which is responsible for helping to regulate a variety of body functions, including heart rate, breathing, sweating, and digestion. INCREASE; CONTRAST TO PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
Parasympathetic Nervous System
The part of the involuntary nervous system that serves to SLOW the heart rate, increase intestinal and glandular activity, and relax the sphincter muscles.
In Multiple Sclerosis, the immune system…
attacks the oligodendrocytes that form myelin in the central nervous system
If a recording of the current across a neural membrane changes from -70 mV to -80 mV…
the cells has become HYPERPOLARIZED, and is probably in the refractory period
Polarization refers to….
being apart, so a change from -70mV to -80 mV represents an increase in polarization. Following an action potential, a cell membrane is usually hyperpolarized due to the relatively slow closure of potassium channels. because it takes much more input to depolaizr the cell from -80mV to threshold than it does to depolarize the cell from -70mV to threshold, this represents a long refractory period. The cell is capable of firing again as soon as the sodium channels are reset by a return to a negative recording, but because of the distance to threshold, more than the usual input is needed to fire.
