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Physics > Gravitational and Electric fields > Flashcards

Gravitational and Electric fields Flashcards

1
Q

-what is a force field?
-scalar or vector?

A

-an area in which an object experiences a non-contact force
-vector

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2
Q

what are the similarities between gravitational and electric fields?

A
  1. both follow inverse square law
  2. both use fields line
  3. both have equipotential surfaces
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3
Q

what are the differences between gravitational and electric fields?

A
  1. in gravitational, the force is always attractive whereas in electric, the force can be repulsive too
  2. gravitational force is on a mass whereas an electric force is on a charge
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4
Q

what is Newton’s law of gravitation?

A

the magnitude of the gravitational force between two mass is directly proportional to the product of the masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

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5
Q

what is the equation for gravitational force?

A

F= Gm₁m₂/r²

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6
Q

what are the two types of gravitational fields?

A
  • uniform
  • radial
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7
Q

what is the gravitational field strength?

A

the force per unit mass on that point in the field

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8
Q

what is the equation for gravitational field strength in a uniform field?

A

g= F/m

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9
Q

what is the equation for the gravitational field strength in a radial field?

A

g=GM/r²

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10
Q

what is gravitational potential?

A

the work done per unit mass to move an object from infinity to that point

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11
Q

what is the equation for gravitational potential?

A

V= -GM/r

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12
Q

what are equipotential lines?

A

points where the potential is constant, i.e no work is done when moving along them

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13
Q

what is Kepler’s third law?

A

the square of the orbital period is directly proportional to the cube of the radius

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14
Q

what is the equation for the orbital period?

A

T²=(4π/GM) x r³

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15
Q

what is escape velocity?

A

the minimum velocity an object must travel at in order to escape the gravitational field

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16
Q

what is the equation for escape velocity?

A

v= √(2GM/r)

17
Q

what is a synchronous orbit?

A

the orbital period of the satellite is equal to the rotational period of the object that it is orbiting

18
Q

what are geostationary satellites used for and why?

A
  • TV and telephones signals because it is always above the same point on the earth
19
Q

what are the differences between low orbit satellites and geostationary satellites?

A
  • they travel much faster therefore there orbital period is much smaller
20
Q

what are low orbit satellites used for?

A

-monitoring weather
-scientific observations
-military applications

21
Q

derive Keplers law?

A

set centripetal force to gravitational force and solve for v and substitute 2πr/T for v. then solve for T

22
Q

what is Coulombs law?

A

the magnitude of the force between two point charges in a vacuum is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of their separation

23
Q

what is the equation for electric force?

A

F= Q₁Q₂/4πε₀r²

24
Q

Which magnitude is larger, electrostatic force between subatomic particles or the gravitational force?

A

electrostatic force

25
Q

what is electric field strength?

A

the force per unit charge

26
Q

what are the 2 equations for electric field strength in a uniform field?

A

E= F/Q
E= V/d

27
Q

what is the equation for electric field strength in a radial field?

A

E=Q/4πε₀r²

28
Q

what is the equation for work done in an electric field?

A

W= QΔV

29
Q

what is the trajectory of moving charged particles entering a uniform electric field at right angles?

A

the particle will experience an electric force , causing it to accelerate so it follows a parabolic shape

30
Q

what is absolute electric potential?

A

the potential energy per unit charge of a positive point charge at that point in the field

31
Q

what is the equation for gravitational potential in a radial field?

A

V= Q/4πε₀r

32
Q

what is the gradient of a tangent to a potential against distance graph equal to ?

A

electric field strength at that point

33
Q

what is electric potential difference?

A

the energy needed to move a unit charge between two points

34
Q

what is the area of an electric field strength against distance graph?

A

electric potential difference

Physics (10 decks)

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