Grape Vine Training Systems Flashcards
What is a grape vine training system?
the criteria that contribute to grapevine and vineyard architecture and include:
planting density and geometry
pruning vines and bud numbers
trunk height
trellising system and canopy management
What are the current research topics concerning grapevine training systems?
reduction of inputs
dieback diseases
climate change adaptation
adaptation to the wine market
How can you decide on a training system?
Consider wine style and market price
Consider quality and quantity
What types of vineyards are there?
artisinal vineyard
industrial vineyard
traditional vineyard
new vineyard
Which 2 factors influence photosynthesis?
the plant and the environment
What is the purpose of photosynthesis?
plant growth, grape maturation, storage of starch
What are the characteristics of environment factors in photosynthesis?
radiation (between 0.3 and 0.7 nm), temperature (25-30˚C), water supply
What are the characteristics of plant factors in photosynthesis
age and sort of leaves
location of leaves
At what temperature is there no photosynthesis?
if T > 40-42˚C
What does the vine do when there is low water supply?
They close their stomata which decreases CO2 assimilation and photosynthesis. (consider isotopic discrimination of C13)
Are there different sensitivities to water supply in grape vines?
yes;
A variety that closes it’s stomata might last longer because it is preserving it’s water
What is optimal potential for photosynthesis?
100 days
What has more photosynthesis potential? Primary leaves or Secondary leaves?
Secondary
New leaves are more active than old leaves.
What does the first layer do to radiation?
It stops radiation
Why are the inner leaves less photosynthetic?
they are shaded and receive less radiation
Will having fruit on a vine increase or decrease photosynthetic activity?
increase
What can you do to manage grapevine physiological balance?
control vigor
improve microclimate
optimize fruit/leaf ratio
What are the measures to estimate exposed leaf area on VSP system?
height, thickness of canopy, width between rows, discontinuity (%)
What is a suitable training system for a mechanized vineyard in a hot and dry region?
VSP low density
Will high yield delay ripening?
yes
What are some indicators for measuring quaility in France?
plant density
yield
pruning systems
number of buds per ha
canopy height
Why is yield not sufficient to assess grape quality?
If you have high plant density resulting in higher yield, you have more plants which increase light interception.
Why is plant density not sufficient to assess grape quality?
Because the interception of solar radiation is dependent on the leaf area
What indicators ARE favorable for grape ripening?
leaf area, fruit weight in (kg/ha), plant numbers
Why is porosity favorable?
exposed leaves are more photosynthetic
improved microclimate
(20-40% porosity is favorable)
Why is discontinuity unfavorable?
You have a loss in PS from missing vines or defective trellis systems.
What metrics can you use to measure vineyard performance?
production efficiency=fruit yield/pruning weight
canopy efficiency=exposed leaf area/total area
fruit microclimate=exposed clusters/total clusters
Why improve plant architecture?
Increasing yield improves income
Increasing leaf area improves quality
Lowering plant density lowers costs
(But you can’t really have all of them optimized.)
