Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Viticulture > Climate and Viticulture > Flashcards

Climate and Viticulture Flashcards

1
Q

Weather

A

Changes over a period of time

(Day to day, hour to hour,…)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Climate

A

Represents the average weather over a long period of time

(Aggregate of day-day weather conditions over a period of many years)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Anticyclones

A

Areas of high pressure; sinking; in the N hemisphere air rotates clockwise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cyclones/Depressions

A

Areas of low pressure; rising air; in the N. Hemisphere air rotates anti-clockwise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What direction does air move in the N. Hemisphere?

A

Clockwise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What direction does air move in the S. Hemisphere?

A

Anticlockwise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do pressure systems or depressions bring?

A

Cloudy weather, rain, and wind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Perennial vineyard practices depends on…

A

Climate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Annual vineyard management dictated by…

A

Weather

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 4 most important factors of climate for wine quality or style?

A

Solar radiation
Air temperature
Rainfall
Wind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Solar radiation

A

the main source of light and heat energy and grapevines are sensitive to its fluctuations in terms of duration, quantity, and quality.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the role of sunlight?

A

to activate and maintain the photosynthesis process; transform light energy into chemical energy which makes it possible to synthesize carbohydrates and other organic compounds.

central element in light-activated processes, such as infloresence inititation, shoot branching, and phenolic compound synthesis

Influences vine growth and fruit ripening by its thermal effects on the rate of biochemical processes.`

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How can you decrease solar radiation and thus berry temperature?

A

Shade the berries with leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T or F. Sunlight has an inhibitory effect on the development of diseases

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Winter temperatures below ___________ cause severe injuries, ranging from damaged winter buds to grapevine mortality.

A

-15 to -20 ˚C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In spring, at onset of vegetative growth, the vine is sensitive to temperatures below ____________.

A

0 ˚C, especially <-2.5˚C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

At what temperature do grapes become affected by extreme heat?

A

> 35%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the effects of spring frost?

A

can cause mortality of primary buds or young shoots
delays vegetative growth
reduces yield

affects current year and next year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the effects of autumn frost?da

A

Causes the leaves to fall and disturbs the physiology of the vine

Inhibits processes such as photosynthesis, which at maturity limits the accumulation fof sugars in the grapes or in the post harvest period, the o of carbohydrates in the perennial organs

20
Q

What are the effects of sunburn?

A

causes sunburn
inhibits the growth of grapes
delays the accumulation of sugar
partially or completely dries grapes

21
Q

At what temperature does grapevine growth start?

A

20˚C

22
Q

In a favorable light and water environment, the photosynthesis activity ________ with temperature until a thermal optimum

A

increases

23
Q

Which processes are fundamental to the growth of the vine?

A

photosynthesis and respiration

24
Q

Photosynthesis activity increases from _______, stabilizes between ______________, and decreases towards _______.

A

increases from 10˚C
stabilizes between 25-30˚C
decreases towards

25
Q

The rate of respiration __________ with temperature, both day and night.

A

increases rapidly

26
Q

How does a plant reduce heating

A

evaporative cooling, when the water supply is adequate

27
Q

What does phenological development depend on?

A

the cumulative effect of air temperature above 10˚C

28
Q

What preserves acidity?

A

warm days, cool nights

29
Q

Above certain thresholds, the forcing effect of air temperature will not lead ____________________

A

to an advancement of phenological stages and may even lead to a delay in phenological development.

30
Q

In summer, vine behavior is ___________ by a low total rainfall, except in the case of strong summer droughts.

A

favored

31
Q

What is an indirect effect of rainfall?

A

effect on disease pressure

32
Q

What is a direct effect of rainfall?

A

effect on flowering and ripening

33
Q

Negative effects of wind

A

Above 4 m/s, stomata close which inhibits the effects of photosynthesis and transpiration. Vines exposed to high winds over a long period of time, will have shorter shoots, smaller leaves, and lower number of clusters and delayed ripening periods.

34
Q

Beneficial effects of wind

A

good air circulation meaning optimal flow of gas exchange between the vine and its environment

disperses excess moisture and reduces disease pressure

can have cooling effect in hot regions

35
Q

Why is the spatial scale fundamental to viticulture?

A

at large scales, it explains wine geography and varietal distribution
at fine scales, it accentuates the variability that exists from one location to another, enhancing wine diversity and identity

36
Q

What are the levels of climate?

A

Macroclimate
mesoclimate
local climate
microclimate

37
Q

The main wine producing regions are located between …

A

the latitudes 30-50˚with an average annual temperature between 10-20˚C

38
Q

What determines the degrees of latitude for wine growing regions?

A

It is determined by the latitudinal differences in solar energy intercepted at the surface of the earth

39
Q

Why are regions with average annual temperatures below 12˚C unfavorable?

A

short growing seasons
low amounts of sunshine hours and accumulated heat
high frequency of extreme cold temperatures

40
Q

Why are regions with annual temperatures above 22˚C unfavorable?

A

regularly exposed to warm summers and extreme heat events

may be subject to vary arid or very humid conditions

41
Q

What happens when berry maturation is reached too late?

A

Grapes remain unripe with high acidity, low sugar content, and herbaceous flavors

42
Q

What happens when berry maturation is reached too soon?

A

Grapes are rich in sugar, low in acidity, and wines are unbalanced and lack aromatic complexity

43
Q

Berry maturation, under favorable conditions, is achieved at the _____________ in the northern hemisphere and at the ______________ in the southern hemisphere.

A

northern limits; southern limits

44
Q

What is a challenge in new grape growing regions with concern to regional spatial climates?

A

Identifying suitable grape varieties for the climate

45
Q

Winkler Index

A

first applied in California
The sum of average daily temperatures above 10˚C over a 7 month period

46
Q

Huglin Index

A

in which the temperature sum over the temperature threshold of 10 °C is calculated and then summed for all days from beginning of April to end of September. The calculation uses both the daily average temperatures and the maximum temperatures and slightly modifies the calculated total according to latitude.

Viticulture (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions