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Viticulture > Fertilization > Flashcards

Fertilization Flashcards

1
Q

Why do you usually not need to add sulfur and copper?

A

They are present in spray treatments

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2
Q

What is nitrogen a component of?

A

amino acids
nucleic acids
chlorophyll
phytohormones

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3
Q

Which nitrogen compound is preferentially taken up?

A

nitrate (over ammonium)

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4
Q

Can a vine take up OM?

A

No, it must be mineralized

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5
Q

How does nitrogen affect white wine quality?

A

increased yield with increased vigor
decrease sugars
increased aromatic compound precursors
increased botrytis

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6
Q

What would happen if you fertilize in the fall?

A

your nitrogen (ammonium and nitrates) would leach out

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7
Q

When are the nitrogen absorption peaks in the grapevine?

A

after blooming (green pea stage) and veraison

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8
Q

What happens do nitrogen uptake during a dry season?

A

There is less nitrogen uptake because soil needs water for nitrogen mineralization which leads to lower YAN

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9
Q

Can rootstock choice affect nitrogen uptake?

A

yes

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10
Q

What happens when there is too much N?

A

You have delayed maturity; the vine is focused on growth instead

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11
Q

What happens with less N?

A

You get more phenolics, more color intensity, anthocyanins, tannins

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12
Q

How do cover crops influence N availability to wine?

A

it decreases N availability because their is competition for the N

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13
Q

What is phosphorus important for?

A

support of genetic information
involved in energetic metabolism
involved in respiration
part of phospholipids membrane

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14
Q

Why is phosphorus not taken into account in vine fertilization?

A

soils generally have a high content
the vine absorbs very well
the vine has low P needs

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15
Q

What is potassium important for?

A

involved in stomata opening/closure in transpiration regulation

involved in cellular pH

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16
Q

What is the relationship between potassium and magnesium?

A

Antagonism; high K makes Mg difficult to absorb

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17
Q

Why is magnesium important?

A

a component of chlorophyll
involved in the neutralization of organic acids (TA and MA)
involved in the cell wall

less easy to absorb by the vines

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18
Q

In red variety management, what can you do when YAN is less than 120 mg/L?

A

Make a compost addition in order to increase the OM and to avoid a high increase of mineral N.

19
Q

In red variety management, what can you do when YAN is more than 200 mg/L?

A

Have a cover crop with high N

20
Q

What should you do if you have a potassium deficiency with a low CEC?

A

Foliar spray (if urgent)
Addition on soil (<100 kg/ha/year)

If you add too much, with a low CEC, it will leach out

21
Q

What should you do if you have a potassium deficiency with a high CEC?

A

Foliar spray (if urgent)
Addition on soil (100-200 kg/ha/year)

22
Q

What should you do if you have a magnesium deficiency?

A

stop potassium additions
Foliar spray (if urgent)
Addition on soil (50 to 150 kg/ha/year)

*Mg additions increase the pH

23
Q

What do nutrient ranges depend on?

A

plant material, soil, style of wine, etc.

24
Q

What are the YAN requirements for red and white wine?

A

White:150 mg/L
Red: 120 mg/L

25
Q

What are sources of nitrogen?

A

Organic matter
Mineral N: nitrate, ammonium

26
Q

Will you see lower or higher YAN during a dry vintage?

A

lower YAN, N has decreased mineralization

27
Q

Is berry weight influenced more by N or water status?

A

water status

28
Q

How does increased N influence acidity?

A

it increases acidity

28
Q

How does increased N influence acidity?

A

it decreases acidity

29
Q

Does increased N mainly effect secondary leaf area?

A

yes

30
Q

How does increased N increase botrytis risk?

A

It increases leaf area which affects the microclimate

31
Q

Does nitrogen affect # of clusters and cluster mass per vine?

A

No

32
Q

Is magnesium easy to absorb by the vine?

A

no

33
Q

When should you worry about Mg deficiency?

A

May/June when you don’t want it to affect PS

34
Q

Where do you mainly see Fe deficiency?

A

in limestone soils; antagonist relationship between CaO3 and Fe

35
Q

Concerning Fe and rootstock choice, what should you check before you plant?

A

IPC. Percent active limestone content

36
Q

What does boron deficiency induce?

A

berry shatter; flower abortion

37
Q

What is a common Mg fertilizer?

A

Magnesia; also increases pH.

38
Q

If you have good fertilization, but big bunches with few berries, what deficiency could you have?

A

boron

39
Q

What is the k1/ISB/ISMO?

A

stability of humus

40
Q

Why should you dig a soil pit and not just do soil analyses?

A

you can see all the layers, the roots could go deeper

41
Q

What does ‘V’ represent?

A

if the whole CEC is filled

42
Q

Does Petit Verdot like a water deficit?

A

no

Viticulture (15 decks)

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