Grammar unit 3 Flashcards
Ar present tense endings
O As A Amos Áis An
Er present tense endings
O Es E Emos Éis En
Ir present tense endings
O Es E Imos Ís En
Conjugate caber
Quepo Cabes Cabe Cabemos Cabeís Caben (To fit in)
Conjugate caer
Caigo Caes Cae Caemos Caéis Caen (To fall)
Conjugate dar
Doy Das Da Damos Dais Dan (To give)
Conjugate hacer
Hago Haces Hace Hacemos Hacéis Hacen
Conjugate poner
Pongo Pones Pone Ponemos Ponéis Ponen
Conjugate saber
Sé Sabes Sabe Sabemos Sebéis Saben (To know)
Conjugate Salir
Salgo Sales Sale Salimos Salís Salen
Conjugate traer
Traigo Traes Trae Traemos Traéis Traen
Conjugate valer
Valgo Vales Vale Valemos Valéis Valen (To value)
Conjugate ver
Veo Ves Ve Vemos Veis Ven
Conjugate decir
Digo Dices Dice Decimos Decís Dicen
Conjugate oír
Oigo Oyes Oye Oímos Oís Oyen
To contain
Contener
To entertain
Entretener
To detain, stop
Detener
To maintain
Mantener
To agree, to be suitable good for
Covenir
To warn, prevent
Prevenir
i e stem changers (boot verbs)
Pensar Querer Cerrar Comenzar Confesar Despertarse Empezar Nevar Sentarse Extender Perder
To go to bed
Acostarse
O-ue
To confess
Confesar
E-ie
To snow
Nevar
E-ie
O-ue verbs boot verbs
Almorzar Demonstrar Soñar Recordar Mostrar Encontrar Costar Llover Oler Resolver Dormir Morir
To demonstrate
Demonstrar
O-ue
To resolve
Resolver
O-ue
To smell
Oler
O-hue
E-ie ir verbs boot verbs
Preferir Advertir Convertir Hervir Mentir Sentir Divertirse
To advertise, notify
Advertir
E-ie
To lie
Mentir
E-ie
To convert
Convertir
E-ie
E-i verbs
Despedir Reírse Impedir Medir Vestir Pedir
To measure
Medir
E-I
To laugh
Reírse E-i Río Ríes Ríe Reímos Reís Ríen
How to conjugate -uir verbs
Add y after u, except for nosotros and vosotros Construyo Construyes Construye Constuimos Construís Construyen
To conclude
Concluir
Add y after u
To contribute
Contribuir
Add y after u
To flee
Huir
Add y after u
-iar verbs
Accent I except in vosotros (accent a) and nosotros Envío Envías Envía Enviamos Enviáis Envían
To confide in
Confiar
Accent í except in vosotros (á) and nosotros
-uar verbs
Accent ú except in nosotros and vosotros (á) Continúo Continúas Continúa Continuamos Continuáis Continúan
To graduate
Graduarse
Uar, accent ú except in nosotros and vosotros (á)
Ger
G-j in yo form
Gir verbs
G-j in yo form
Guir- verbs
Gu-g in yo form
Vowel + cer/cir
Except hacer
Add z after vowel in yo form Ofcezco Ofreces Ofrece Ofrecemos Ofrecéis Ofrecen
Constant + cer
Add z after vowel in to form Venzo Vences Vence Vencemos Vencéis Vencen
The progressive
Indicates action in progress
Made of Estar and gerund
(Seguir, continuar, Venir, salir, ir, andar, entrar, llegar can be used instead of estar)
What expressions suggest progressive
Ahora
Ahora Mismo
En estos momentos
Gerund
Formed by adding ando, iendo, to end
Ar, er, no stem changes
Ir stem changing single letter change
Er, ir verbs ending in vowels change i of iendo to yendo
Reflexive pronouns with gerund
Object and reflexive pronouns can be attached to gerund or come before conjugated verb
When attached a or e is accented
Reflective pronoun placement
Before conjugate verb
Attach to affirmative command add accent
Attach to indicative
Can attach to present participle, add accent
When to use ser
Origin Identity Characteristics Moral/mental characteristics (culpable, odesgraciado) Occupation Dates Time Material from which is made Possession Impersonal idea Event held in Ser+past participle + por
When to useEstar
Location A state (mood, condition, feeling) A quality or condition as a result of a previous action An action that is in progress Estar + present participle (gerund)
Adjectives with different meanings for ser and Estar
Aburrido
Ser- boring
Estar- bored
Adjectives with different meanings for ser and Estar
Atento
Ser- courteous
Estar- attentive
Adjectives with different meanings for ser and Estar
Bueno
Ser- good
Estar- tasty
Adjectives with different meanings for ser and Estar
Fresco
Ser- fresh
Estar- fresh just made
Adjectives with different meanings for ser and Estar
Listo
Ser- clever
Estar- ready
Adjectives with different meanings for ser and Estar
Loco
Ser- scatterbrained
Estar- insane
Adjectives with different meanings for ser and Estar
Malo
Ser-bad
Estar-Ill
Adjectives with different meanings for ser and Estar
Orgulloso
Ser-proud
Estar- proud
Adjectives with different meanings for ser and Estar
Rico
Ser- rich
Estar- delicious
Adjectives with different meanings for ser and Estar
Seguro
Ser-safe
Estar- certain
Adjectives with different meanings for ser and Estar
Verde
Ser-green
Estar- unrip
Gerund vs infinitive
Use gerund w/ estar to express action in progress
Infinitive used as a noun
Infinitive used after prepositions
Al followed by infinitive
Acercar vs acercarse
Acercar- to bring near
Acercarse- to remember
Acordar vs. acordarse
Acordar- to agree
Acordarse- to approach
Ir vs. irse
Ir- to go
Irse- to go away, leave
Negar vs. negarse
Negar_ to deny
Negarse (a) - to refuse to
Parecer vs parecerse (a)
Parecer- to seem
Parecerse (a)- to look like
Probar vs probarse
Probar- to taste
Probarse- to try on
Volver vs volverse
Volver- to return
Volverse- to turn around
Use of reflective mutual actions
Subjects are performing action to or for one another
Hacerse+ adjective
To become, conscious effort involved in change
Ponerse + adjective
No conscious effort, change is physical, mental, emotional
Volverse + adjective
Change is involuntary, sudden, violent
Impersonal passive se
W/ singular or plural third person,
Subject follow verb
Ex se prohibe fumar
Smoking is prohibited
Impersonal se
When there is doubt about whether or not subject is impersonal, uno is used to differentiate between definite subjects and indefinite
Ex uno se Levanta Temprano
One gets up early
Accidental se
W/ third person singular or plural of verb to impersonalize the accident. Unplanned or unexplained accidents
The thing forgotten or dropped is the subject, not the person.
Se+ pronoun+ verb
Ex se nos Olvida la cita
Se me cayeron los libros
