Grammar 5 Flashcards
What are participles used for in Sanskrit?
Participles like pratiṣṭhitaḥ (having been established) and dṛṣṭvā (having seen) indicate actions that occur before the main action.
Participles provide context about prior actions in a sentence.
What do gerunds describe in Sanskrit?
Gerunds like dāya (giving) or gacchāma (we shall go) describe continuous or completed actions.
Gerunds convey ongoing or finished actions, adding depth to the sentence structure.
What is required for adjectives in Sanskrit?
Adjectives must agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify, e.g., śobhanāni gītāni (beautiful songs) and mahāsamudraḥ (great ocean).
This agreement is crucial for grammatical accuracy.
Give an example of a pronoun in Sanskrit.
Pronouns like sa (he), te (they), and bhavantaḥ (you, gentlemen) must agree with the nouns they replace in gender, number, and case.
Pronouns serve as replacements for nouns while maintaining grammatical consistency.
What are Tatpurusha compounds?
Tatpurusha compounds modify the noun based on meaning, such as sārthavāha (caravan leader) and mahāsamudram (great ocean).
These compounds illustrate the relationship between the components of the compound.
What are Bahuvrihi compounds used for?
Bahuvrihi compounds are used to describe characteristics, such as dhanānyā (rich people).
These compounds highlight traits or qualities associated with the noun.
What is indirect speech?
Indirect speech involves reporting what someone said, e.g., saṃlakṣayati (he reflects), expressing thoughts or considerations.
It conveys the essence of what was said without quoting directly.
What is the function of prefixes in Sanskrit?
Prefixes like upa-, sam-, and pra- are often added to verbs to modify their meaning, e.g., upasampada (full ordination), samādāna (giving, offering), pratyāga (returning).
Prefixes enhance the meaning and nuance of the base verb.
What is the typical word order in Sanskrit sentences?
Sanskrit typically places the verb at the end of the sentence, e.g., bhavantaḥ kathayanti (you speak) and sa kathayati (he speaks).
This structure influences the flow and clarity of the sentence.
