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HESI A2 > Grammar > Flashcards

Grammar Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following sentences is grammatically incorrect?
A. We took him to the store, the library, and the restaurant.
B. We took him to the store and the library.
C. We took him to the store, and then we went to the library.
D. We took him to the store and then we went to the library.

A

D. “We took him to the store” and “then we went to the library” are two independent clauses joined by the conjunction “and.” Therefore, there should be a comma after the word “store”.
*An independent sentence can start with then

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2
Q

Select the best word for the blank in the following sentence:
I will ______ that chart to the patient’s room later today.
A. Bring
B. Take
C. Brought
D. Took

A

B— In this sentence, the action is away from the speaker, who will carry the patient’s chart from a near place (where the speaker is) to a far place (the patient’s room). The best word is take…

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3
Q

What are the 8 parts of speech?

A

Nouns, pronouns, adjective, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections.

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4
Q

What are the four types of nouns?

A

Common, proper, abstract, collective

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5
Q

Type of noun that is general, not the particular name of a person, place, or thing (e.g., nurse, hospital, syringe)

A

Common noun

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6
Q

Type of noun that is the official name of a person, place, or thing (e.g., Fred, Paris, Washington University).

A

Proper nouns = capitalized

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7
Q

Type of noun that is the name of a quality or a general idea (e.g., persistence, democracy)

A

Abstract noun

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8
Q

Type of noun that represents a group of persons, animals, or things (e.g., family, flock, furniture)

A

Collective noun

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9
Q

What are examples of abstract nouns?

A

Events (wedding, party), emotions (joy, love, etc.), concepts (friendship, permission) and ideas (freedom, poverty)

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10
Q

What is a word that takes the place of a noun, another pronoun, or a group of words acting as a noun?

A

Pronoun

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11
Q

The word or group if words to which a pronoun refers is called the:

A

antecedent.

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12
Q

Identify the antecedent and the pronouns in the sentence: The students wanted their test papers graded and returned to them in a timely manner.

A

Antecedent: students
Pronouns: their and them

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13
Q

Two types of pronouns:

A

Personal
Possessive

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14
Q

Which type of pronoun refers to a specific person, place, thing, or idea by indicating the person speaking (first person), the person or people being spoken to (second person), or any other person, place, thing, or idea being talked about (third person)

A

Personal Pronoun.

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15
Q

Example words of pronouns:

A

We, you, them, I

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16
Q

Type of pronoun that shows possession or ownership

A

Possessive pronoun

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17
Q

Example words of a possessive pronoun:

A

my, mine, his, her, theirs

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18
Q

—– is a word, phrase (does not have a subject and a verb) ex: A great white shark), or clause (group of words that includes a subject and a verb) that modifies a noun or pronoun.

A

Adjective

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19
Q

What questions do adjectives answer?

A

What kind (a hard test)
Which one (an English test)
How many (three tests)
How much (many tests)

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20
Q

What can act as adjectives?

A

nouns, pronouns, and verbs.

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21
Q

A type of verb form that functions as an adjective is a

A

participle

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22
Q

A participle (or verb acting as an adjective) ends in:

A

-ing
-ed

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23
Q

What do adjective usually precede?

A

The noun or noun phrase that they modify (e.g., the absent-minded professor)

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24
Q

Examples of verbs that can be adjective:

A

“The scowling professor” “The worried student” “The broken pencil”

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25
Q

Examples of pronouns that are adjectives:

A

“My book”, “your class”, “that book”, “this class”

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26
Q

Nouns that act as adjectives examples:

A

“The professor’s class”, “the biology class”

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27
Q

What word should not be used with adjectives that end in -er (e.g., better, harder)

A

More

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28
Q

What word should not be used with adjectives that end in -est or -st? (e.g., easiest, worst)

A

Most

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29
Q

—- is a word or phrase that is used to express an action or a state of being.

A

Verb

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30
Q

The primary tenses that is expressed by verbs

A

Present, future, past

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31
Q

What type of verb does not show action?

A

A linking verb- links or joins the subject of the sentence to a noun

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32
Q

Most commonly used linking verbs:

A

am, is, are, was, were, being, been
EX: That man IS my professor.

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33
Q

Linking verb examples that relates to the five senses:

A

Look, sound, smell, feel, and taste
EX: That exam LOOKS difficult

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34
Q

Examples of verbs that reflect a state of being:

A

appear, seem, become, grow, turn, prove, remain
EX: The professor SEEMS tired.

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35
Q

Why is “were” used in the sentences: I wish I were as smart as you. If I were you, I’d leave now.

A

Were is used after I, she, and he if it is being used in a hypothetical sense, rather than something that actually happened in the past.

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36
Q

—– is a word, phrase, or clause that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.

A

Adverb (adds description to the verb and usually comes after the verb itself).

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37
Q

Examples of an adverb used to modify a verb:

A

The physician operates QUICKLY.

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38
Q

An adverb that modifies an adjective:

A

The nurse wears VERY colorful uniforms.

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39
Q

An adverb that modifies another adverb:

A

The student scored quite badly on the test.

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40
Q

—– is a word that shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to some other word in the sentence.

A

Preposition: Specifies when (time) or where (location/direction)

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41
Q

What type of preposition is made up of more than one word?

A

Compound preposition

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42
Q

What type of preposition is a group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or a pronoun, which is called the object of the preposition?

A

Prepositional phrase

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43
Q

Examples of prepositional phrases:

A

Sam left the classroom AT noon.
The students learned the basics OF grammar.

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44
Q

Commonly used prepositions:

A

aboard, about, above, across, after, against, along, amid, among, around, as, at, barring, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, but (except), by, concerning, considering, despite, down, during, except, following, for, from, in, including, inside, into, like, minus, near, of, off, on, onto, opposite, out, outside, over, past, pending, plus, prior to, throughout, to, toward, under, underneath, unlike, until, up, upon, with, within, without

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45
Q

—– is a word that joins words, phrases, or clauses.

A

Conjunction

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46
Q

Three types of conjunctions:

A

Coordinating, correlative, and subordinating

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47
Q

Examples of coordinating conjunctions:

A

and, but, or, so, nor, for, and yet.
EX: The nurse asked to work the early shift, BUT her request was denied.

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48
Q

What type of conjunction works in pairs to join words or phrases?

A

Correlative conjuctions.

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49
Q

Examples of correlative conjunction words:

A

Neither and nor
Either and or
EX: NEITHER the pharmacist NOR her assistant could read the physician’s handwriting.

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50
Q

Subordinating conjunctions join two clauses or thoughts that depend on one another. EX:

A

WHILE the nurse was away on vacation, the hospital flooded. The second half of the sentence makes the sentence complete, therefor WHILE makes the first part of the sentence in need of completion, or conjunction.

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51
Q

—– is a word or phrase that expresses emotion or exclamation.

A

Interjection

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52
Q

Examples of interjection:

A

Whew; yikes; wow; oops; bam

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53
Q

—- What is a group of words that has a subject and a predicate (a verb or statement about a subject)

A

Clause

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54
Q

Two types of clauses:

A

Independent: expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence.
Dependent: Begins with a subordinating conjunction (WHILE the nurse was away) or (AS soon as the students were seated) and therefor must be completed.

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55
Q

Where should a comma be placed when a sentence begins with a dependent clause?

A

A comma should be used before the independent clause to set them apart.

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56
Q

Should a comma be used when a sentence begins with an independent clause and is followed by a dependent clause?

A

No: EX: The students were late for class because the bus was delayed at a train crossing.

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57
Q

Commonly used subordinating conjunction words:

A

After, because, before, until, since, when

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58
Q

——- is the person or thing that is directly affected by the action of the verb.

A

Direct object

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59
Q

What does the direct object answer?

A

What or whom after a transitive verb
EX: The students watched THE PROFESSOR distribute the examinations

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60
Q

—– is the person or thing that is indirectly affected by the action of the verb. It comes between the verb and the direct object.

A

Indirect object

61
Q

A sentence can only have an indirect object if it has:

A

A direct object

62
Q

What does an indirect object answer about a question?

A

Whom, for whom, to what, or for what.

63
Q

Identify the indirect object:
The professor gave his class the test results.

A

“The professor” is the subject. He is the one performing the verb.
“gave” is the verb.
“the test results” is the direct object that is receiving the verb
“his class” is the indirect object

64
Q

—– is a group of two or more words that acts as a single part of speech in a sentence. It can be used as a noun, adjective, or adverb. It lacks a subject and a predicate.

A

Phrase: The white shark.
“Have a good day” (No subject)

65
Q

—- is part of the sentence that tells what the subject does, what the subject is, or what is done to the subject. It includes the verb and all verb modifiers.

A

Predicate
EX: Mr. Smith “is my teacher”
EX: The dog “barks at the cat”

66
Q

—– follows a linking verb (state of being verb) and help to explain the subject

A

Predicate adjective
EX: My professors are WONDERFUL.

67
Q

Examples of linking verb words:

A

are, is, am, became, was, were, feels, seems, been, be

68
Q

—- is a noun or pronoun that follows a linking verb and helps to explain or rename the subject

A

Predicate Nominative
EX: Professors are TEACHERS

69
Q

—– is a group of words that expresses a complete thought. It has a subject and a predicate.

A

Sentence.

70
Q

4 types of sentences:

A

Declarative
Interrogative
Imperative
Exclamatory

71
Q

What type of sentence makes a statement?

A

Declarative sentence: I went to the store.

72
Q

What type of sentence asks a question?

A

Interrogative sentence: Did you go to the store

73
Q

What type of sentence makes a command or request?

A

Imperative sentence: Go to the store.

74
Q

What type of sentence makes an exclamation?

A

Exclamatory: You went to the store!

75
Q

What is a hint that a sentence is an imperative sentence?

A

The subject is implied- “Stop that now”. The subject could be “you”, “a dog”, etc.

76
Q

—– is a word, phrase, or clause that names whom or what the sentence is about.

A

Subject

77
Q

Examples of verbs that are singular:

A

Was, is> as it relates to the subject, not the other nouns being included.
EX: The dean, along with his classes, IS going on the tour of the facility.

78
Q

Examples of verbs that are plural:

A

Were (unless being used as a hypothetical), are

79
Q

What words should be ignored when deciding what verb to apply to the identified subject?

A

including, along with, as well as, together with, besides, except, and plus

80
Q

How to determine what verb to use when a collective noun (a noun that represents a group of persons, animals, or things) is the subject:

A

If the group is acting in unison then use a singular verb.
If the group is acting in a variety of ways, use a plural verb.
EX: “The faculty AGREES to administer the test.” (singular)
“The faculty ARE not in agreement about which test to administer.” (pleural)

81
Q

Knowing when to use a plural verb when there is a compound subject (more than two subjects)

A

If the two subjects are connected by AND, then the subjects are plural, using a plural verb.
EX: The professor and the students ARE in the auditorium.

82
Q

Knowing when to use a singular verb when there is a compound subject.

A

When two SINGULAR subjects are connected by words such as: or, either/or, neither/nor, or not only, but also, the subject is singular.
EX: Neither the student nor the dean was on time for class.

83
Q

Which verb to use when compound subjects are connected by or, either/or, neither/nor, or not only/ but also, and the subjects are both singular and pleural:

A

Choose a verb that agrees with the subject that is closest to the verb.
EX: Either the students or the teaching assistant IS responsible.

84
Q

Type of sentence that has two or more independent clauses. Each independent clause has a subject and a predicate and can stand alone as a sentence.

A

A compound sentence.

85
Q

Examples of coordinating junctions that connect two independent clauses together:

A

And, but, or, or nor. Place a comma before the conjunction of two independent clauses.
EX: The professor thought the test was too easy, BUT the students thought it was too hard.

86
Q

Ways to fix a run on sentence (two independent clauses that run together as if they are one sentence)

A

Separate the sentences with a dash, semicolon, colon; by adding a coordinating conjunction; or by making two separate sentences.
DO NOT use a comma splice (separating two independent clauses by a coma only)

87
Q

—- refers to the form of a noun or pronoun that indicates its relation to the other words in a sentence.

A

CASE

88
Q

Three types of cases:

A

-Nominative (or subjective): used when the pronoun is doing the action. I, you, he, she, it, we, they, who
-objective (or accusative)/ functions as the object of the sentence rather than the subject: used when the action is being done to the pronoun. Me, you, him, her, them, us, you, them, whom their
-Possessive: Pronouns indicating possession. Mine, his, hers, yours, theirs, ours, its, whose

89
Q

The correct pronoun to use depends on the pronoun’s case. The case of a personal pronoun depends on the pronoun’s function in the sentence. What can a pronoun function as?

A
  • A subject
    -A complement (predicative nominative, direct object, or indirect object)
    -An object of a preposition
    -Replacement of a possessive noun
90
Q

Proper pronoun use when a pronoun is one of two in a compound subject:

A

“He and I went to the conference.”
John and I worked through the night.
She and Maria like the chocolate covered toffee. (Remove the conjunction and the other subject to determine correct pronoun usage)
EX: He and me went to the conference. Remove “He and”» Me went to the conference… does not sound correct. The proper pronoun would then be “I”.

91
Q

What is considered to be polite when using a personal pronoun in a series?

A

Placing “I” last. EX: Su, Joe, and I went to the store.

92
Q

What is the rule when using an apostrophe with possessive pronouns?

A

Never use an apostrophe with a possessive pronoun.
XXX: NO her’s, their’s.

93
Q

When is an apostrophe used?

A

To show possession of a noun (not pronoun), or to show when letters have been omitted (i.e., a contraction).
Apostrophes do NOT make a word plural

94
Q

Possessive Forms of the following pronouns:
-I
-He
-She
-We
-You
-They
-It

A

-My, mine
-His, his
-Her, hers
-Our, ours
-Your, Yours
-Their, Theirs
-Its, Its
EX: —– dog., That dog is —–.

95
Q

What are the contractions that are similar to common pronouns?
-Its (belonging to IT)
-Their (belonging to THEM)
-Whose (belonging to WHOM)
-Your (belonging to YOU)

A

-It’s (it is, it has)
-They’re (they are)
-Who’s (who is, who has)
-You’re (You are)

96
Q

Examples of making nouns plural WITHOUT an apostrophe.

A

Add -s or -es
The 1980s were the best.
The girls loved the show.
The Inezes had a great time.
The Lees will be here soon.

97
Q

The use of apostrophes singular possessive nouns:

A

The 1980’s music industry was the best.
The girl’s doll is new.
Inez’s car is here.

98
Q

The use of apostrophes in possessive plural nouns:

A

Add an S with an apostrophe after:
The 1980s’ highest grossing film.
The Smiths’ house is for sale.

99
Q

—— are incomplete sentences.

A

Sentence fragments or dependent clauses.

100
Q

Words that commonly introduce dependent clauses:

A

Among, because, although, and however.

101
Q

—— are words or groups of words that are not located properly in relation to the words they modify.

A

Misplaced modifiers.

102
Q

Typs of misplaced modifiers:

A

A dangling participle phrase

103
Q

What is a participle phrase?

A

A phrase formed by a participle, its object, and the object’s modifiers; it functions as an adjective of a specified noun that it directly relates to.

104
Q

A participial phrase modifies the noun that directly precedes or directly follows the phrase. What makes a participial phrase a “dangling participial phrase”?

A

When the participial phrase directly precedes or directly follows a noun that it does not modify.

105
Q

How is this a dangling participial phrase?
Taking the patient’s symptoms into account, a diagnosis was made by the physician.

A

The participial phrase is “taking the patient’s symptoms into account”
The noun that the participial phrase precedes directly is “diagnosis”, however, the noun the participial phrase is meant to modify (or act as a description to; adjective) is the “physician”.
The sentence therefor makes the diagnosis the noun that took the patient’s symptoms into account, rather than the physician.
The way to rewrite the sentence is:
Taking the patient’s symptoms into account, the physician made a diagnosis.

106
Q

—-are expressions or ideas that have lost their originality or impact over time because of excessive use.

A

Cliches

107
Q

Examples of cliches:

A

“Blind as a bat”
“Dead as a door nail”
“flat as a pancake”
“raining cats and dogs”
“keep a stiff upper lip”
Let the cat out of the bag
Sick as a dog
Take the bull by the horns
Under the weather
White as a sheet
You can’t judge a book by its cover.

108
Q

Why should cliches be avoided whenever possible?

A

They are old, tired, and overused. Rephrase when ever possible.

109
Q

—– is a mild, indirect, or vague term that has been substituted for one that is considered harsh, blunt, or offensive.

A

Euphemisms. Used in a sympathetic manner to shield and protect.
It is essential to use accurate and anatomically correct language when referring to the body, a body part, or a bodily function. Otherwise it is considered unprofessional or tactless.

110
Q

Examples of euphemism:

A

He has passed away; gone to be with the Lord.

111
Q

What substitutes can be used for the following sexist words?
Fireman
Mailman
Forefathers
Chairman
Foreman
Policeman

A

Firefighter
Mail carrier
Ancestors
Chair
Supervisor
Police officer

112
Q

Other examples of sexist language to avoid:

A

Gender does not need to mentioned unless specific to the subject (i.e. pronoun).
Be considerate when making statements such as “doctors and their wives” use “doctors and their spouses.

113
Q

Difference between AFFECT and EFFECT:

A

AFFECT: to influence or change; emotional response or disposition; have an impact on AFFECT is usually used as a VERB.
“change”
EX: The actors’ performances powerfully affected the audience.
EFFECT: The result or outcome; to bring about; accomplish; produce; executed
EFFECT is usually used as a noun.
“result”

114
Q

Difference between “among” and “between”

A

Among involves more than two people or things being considered as a group.
EX: The professor will distribute the textbooks AMONG that students in his class.
Between shows relationship involving two people or things.
EX: I sit between Holly and Jo.
To compare more than two things in a group being considered individually:
EX: What is the difference between this book and other grammar books?
Or to compare more than two things in a group if each is considered individually:
EX: I can’t decide between the chemistry class, the biology class, and the anatomy class.

115
Q

Difference between amount and number.

A

Amount: used when referring to things in bulk, unmeasurable items such as rain, sand, time, or damage done.
EX: The nurse had a huge amount of paperwork. (Not sure how paperwork cannot be counted?)
Number: Used when referring to individual, countable units.
EX: The nurse had a number of charts to complete.

116
Q

Good vs well:

A

Good can be used before a noun
EX: He did a good job;
or after linking verbs to modify the subject- it’s an adjective.
EX: She smells good
Well is an ADVERB (modifies a verb)
EX: She plays softball WELL.
Well is only used as an adjective when describing their health.
EX: She is getting well.
HINT: To say you feel well means in good health; to say you feel good means in good spirits.

117
Q

Bad vs badly

A

Bad is an ADJECTIVE before nouns
“He is a bad teacher”;
and after linking verbs
“That smells bad”. (modifies the subject).
Badly (like well) is an ADVERB.
EX: The student behaved badly in class.

118
Q

What is the deal when using bad or wonderful after linking verbs as it relates to the five senses?

A

I felt bad: emotionally distraught.
I felt badly: I could not feel with touch very well.
The mountain air smells wonderful: A sweet aroma.
The mountain air smells wonderfully: The air has a wonderful ability to smell.

119
Q

Bring vs take

A

BRING conveys action toward the speaker; means to carry from a distant place to a near place.
EX: Please bring your textbooks to class.
TAKE conveys action away from the speaker; to carry from a near place to a distant place.
EX: Please TAKE your textbooks home

120
Q

Can vs may (could vs might)

A

Can and could = ability or power.
EX: I CAN make an A in that class.
May and might = permission
EX: You MAY leave early
-or possibility (maybe)
EX: I MAY leave early

121
Q

Farther vs further

A

Farther: measurable distance
EX: The walk to class is much farther than I expected.
Further: figurative distance; “to a greater degree/extent”
EX: I will study further to make better grades.
Further also means moreover and in addition to.
EX: The student had nothing further to say.

122
Q

Fewer versus less

A

Fewer: number; can be counted; used with plural nouns.
EX: The professor has fewer students in the morning class than he has in his afternoon class.

-Less: degree/amount; things in bulk/abstract; used with SINGULAR nouns.
EX: Fewer patients means less work for the staff
Also used when referring to numeric or statistical terms
EX: It’s less than 2 miles to school
He scored less than 90 on the test.
She spent less than $400 for this class.
I am less than 5 feet tall

123
Q

i.e vs e.g.

A

i.e. (that is); specifies or explains
EX: I love to study chemistry i.e., the science dealing with the composition and properties of matter.
e.g. (for example)
EX: I love to study chemistry, e.g., chemical equations, atomic structure, and molar relationships

124
Q

Lie vs lay

A

Lie: “recline or rest”; Forms of lie are never followed by a direct object.
EX: I lie down to rest. I lay (past tense) down yesterday to rest. I had lain down to rest. I was lying on the sofa.
LAY: to put or place. Followed by a direct object. HINT replace the word in question with “place, placed, placing”. If it matches = lay
EX: I lay the book on the table.
I laid the book on the table.
I have laid the book on the table.
I a laying the book on the table now.

125
Q

Which vs that

A

Which: introduces nonessential clauses. Use commas to set off a nonessential clause.
EX: The hospital, which flooded last July, is down the street.
That: introduces essential clauses. No commas are needed to set off an essential clause.
EX: The hospital THAT flooded last July is down the street; the other hospital is across town.

126
Q

Who vs whom

A

HINT: Use who or whoever if he, she, they, I, or we can be substituted in the who clause.
EX: Who passed the chemistry test? > (He/she/they/I passed the chemistry test)
Use whom or whomever if him, her, them, me, or us can be substituted as the object of the verb or as the object of the preposition in the whom clause.
EX: To WHOM did the professor give the test> (He gave the test to him/her/them/me/us)

127
Q

Which of the following questions is grammatically correct?
A. After receiving intravenous antibiotics, Jarod’s health improved.
B. Growing up, Tom’s father always read Tom a bedtime story.
C. Leaving the door open behind her, Meg stepped into the room.
D. Before traveling abroad, passports were obtained by the students.

A

C. Leaving the door open behind her, Meg stepped into the room.
The subject immediately followed the dependent clause to modify the noun performing the action.

128
Q

Which word from the following sentence is an adjective?
The nurse leisurely changed from green scrubs into street clothes.
A. leisurely
B. scrubs
C. changed
D. street

A

D. street
Describes a noun

129
Q

Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct?
A. The Lee’s had dinner at the Jones home.
B. The Lees had dinner at the Joneses’ home.
C. The Lees had dinner at the Jones’s home.
D. The Lees’s had dinner at the Jones’ home.

A

B. The Lees had dinner at the Joneses’ home.
Cannot use an apostrophe to make a noun plural. A plural possessive noun can add an S or ES and an apostrophe after to show possession.

130
Q

Select the best words for the blanks in the following sentence.
If I —— hit a home run, I —– be chosen for the baseball team.
A. may, can
B. may, might
C. can, may
D. can, could

A

C. Can, may
Can shows power. May shows possibility and/or permission

131
Q

Which of the following sentences contains a euphemism?
A. The man said that his friend’s dog was a jerk.
B. The veterinarian told the woman that her cat had bounced back.
C. The family decided to a adopt a pet from a no-kill shelter.
D. The extensively injured dog was put to sleep.

A

D. The dog was put to death.

132
Q

Which of the following sentences contains an interjection?
A. I hope you have finished digging your well.
B. I hope you are feeling well.
C. Well, I hope you are happy.
D. I hope you perform well on the test.

A

C- Well is being used as a way to show emotion.

133
Q

When to use more or most in a sentence (besides not using more when -er is at the ending of a word; or not using when -est is at the end of a word?
This refers to numbers being described:

A

More is used to compare only two individual subjects, whereas most is used when discussing three or more people.

134
Q

Fewer vs least (similar to less)

A

Fewer is used to describe a countable noun that decreases. It is specific.
EX: Germany has fewer bluebells than does England.

Least is used to relate three or more items in a group.
EX: Of all the countries, he liked Germany the least.

135
Q

Fill in the blank:
Neither of the flower bouquets ______ as full as the one we ordered last year.
A. are
B. is
C. were
D. being

A

B. is
Because nor is missing from the correlative conjunction (in the case of neither nor: a negative correlative conjunction)- neither becomes the subject.
Neither is singular, therefore “is” is the correct answer.

136
Q

What word in the sentence is the subject?
The opera singer’s solo had a profound impact on the audience.
A. solo
B. impact
C. audience
D. opera singer

A

A. solo

The subject is the one performing the action.
Ask self: what had an impact?
Answer: The solo

137
Q

Which word or phrase in the following sentence is the simple predicate?
Due to her stingy nature, the famous actress was not generous with her friends and family.
A. Due to her stingy nature
B. the famous actress
C. was generous
D. generous

A

C. Was generous

The simple predicate is the verb of a sentence.
The helping verb is “was” and the main verb was “generous”

138
Q

Which of these is a simple sentence?

A. The movie about the comic book superhero.
B. The movie about the comic book superhero that I watched last Friday night was very entertaining.
C. The movie about the comic book superhero had never interested me until this week.
D. The movie about the comic book superhero fascinated me, but it bored my best friend.

A

C.
A simple sentence contains one subject and one verb.

Answer A has one subject, with no verbs. “The movie”
Answer B has two subjects performing two verbs “I” and “the movie” (watched and was)
Answer C has one subject “The move” and one verb “interested”?
Answer D has one subject but two verbs: “the move” (fascinated and bored)

139
Q

Which of the following sentences is the simple predicate?

So many types of birthday cake put Cynthia at a loss.
A. put
B. put at a loss
C. put Cynthia
D. put Cynthia at a loss

A

A. put

A simple predicate is the main verb in the sentence.

140
Q

Differences between assure, ensure, and insure:

A

Assure: inform them positively
Ensure: guarantee
Insure: to provide insurance.

141
Q

Which sentence is grammatically correct?
A. Did you see John and me out to dinner last night?
B. Roberta said Frank and I would make a great couple.
C. You and me should go see a movie.
D. Allie went with Wendell and I to the farmer’s market

A

A. Did you see John and me out to dinner last night?

*“Someone and I” can only be used as the subject. If there is already a subject (the one performing the verb) then “someone and me” must be used.

142
Q

The team that wins is usually the team with —– penalties.
A. less
B. the least
C. fewer
D. the fewest

A

C. The team that wins is usually the team with fewer penalties.

Fewer represent countable (specified) nouns.
The fewest is used when for three or more specified items. (does not mean one specified item that is plural).

143
Q

What is the predicate in the following sentence?
“Larissa felt refreshed after her workout.”
A. felt refreshed after her workout
B. felt refreshed
C. after her workout
D. Larissa felt

A

A. felt refreshed after her workout.

Predicate = part of the sentence that is not the subject.

144
Q

Which of these sentences are grammatically correct?
A. The exercises were recommended to me by my physical therapist, which should speed up the healing process of my knee.
B. The doctor recommended that I eat less sugar instead of cutting out meat, which would help me lose weight faster.
C. The nurse game me a juice box and a cookie, which should help me replenish my energy after donating blood.
D. The exam was written by my least favorite professor, which was the hardest exam I’ve ever taken.

A

C.
The subject directly following a comma should directly relate to the closest subject right before the comma.

EX: cookie will help replenish energy

A. Physical therapist will NOT speed up the healing process of one’s knee
B. cutting out meat would NOT help one lose weight faster
D. The professor was NOT the hardest exam ever taken

145
Q

Good, bad, and poor VS
well, badly, poorly

A

Good, bad, and poor all modify a noun
adjectives
Well, badly, poorly all modify a verb
adverbs

146
Q

Which sentence shows a predicate nominative?
A. The woman sitting in the corner booth is my friend.
B. The woman sitting in the corner booth is beautiful.
C. I saw a woman at the restaurant that was wearing the same shirt as me.
D. The woman at the restaurant spoke loudly and demanded her meal be sent back.

A

A. The woman sitting in the corner booth is my friend.
A predicate nominative renames the subject as a subject.
The woman is renamed as a subject. One way to go about this is to restate the statement with the renaming of the subject by itself.
EX: My friend is sitting in the corner booth.

Apply to B:
Beautiful is sitting in the the corner booth.
-Unless beautiful is a name of the woman, it is not being renamed as the subject. Therefore, answer B is a predicate adjective, not a predicate nominative.

147
Q

Pick the correct word for the following sentence:
Give two cookies to —– donates a pint of blood.
A. whoever
B. whomever
C. whichever
D. whatever

A

A. whoever

whoever is a subject (the one performing the action)
whomever is an object (the one receiving the action)

Who: he, she, they, I, we
Whom: him, her, them, me, us

Give two cookies to they who donates a pint of blood. Give two cookie to he who donates a pint of blood.

148
Q

Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct?
A. Karen believed that vaccines caused autism, however, there is no scientific evidence for this.
B. The hospital, which was already understaffed, had to ask nearby health facilities for help during an influx of flu patients.
C. The substance which had been studied for over two decades, has just now been approved by the FDA.
D. The patient was born in September, 1998.

A

B.

A. however should follow a period or semicolon.
D. does not need a comma between the month a year, only when there is month, day, and year.

149
Q

Difference between immigrate, migrate, and emigrate.

A

Immigrate: To move IN to another country permanently.
EX: The united states has experienced large amounts of immigration in the last year.
Migrate: To move from one side to another of one place.
Example: She migrated from Utah to North Carolina.
Emigrate: To LEAVE a country permanently.
EX: My sister is planning to emigrate to South Korea after college.

HESI A2 (8 decks)

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