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English Language Year 1 > Grammar > Flashcards

Grammar Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

Define grammar

A

The method concerned with syntax (sentences), morphology (word formation) and word classes.

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2
Q

Define pronouns

A

A word used to replace a noun.

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3
Q

Give examples of pronouns

A

She, they, me, I, us, anyone, everyone

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4
Q

Define verbs

A

A word used to show an action, something that is happening or a state of being.

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5
Q

What are the indefinite articles?

A

A/An.

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6
Q

What is a definite article?

A

The.

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7
Q

Define adjectives

A

A word to describe an attribute. Also known as a modifier.

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8
Q

Define nouns

A

Refers to place, things and people.

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9
Q

Define adverbs

A

Modifies other adverbs, adjectives or verbs. Also known as a modifier.

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10
Q

Define prepositions

A

Words that tell us where and when something is in relations to something else. Many often indicate location.

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11
Q

Define copula verbs

A

Linking verbs - used to join an adjective or noun to the subject (doer) of the sentence.

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12
Q

Give example of copula verbs

A

Seems, is, becomes.

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13
Q

Define an infinitive

A

Basic form of a verb

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14
Q

Define double negatives

A

Using two or more negative particles in a sentence.

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15
Q

Give an example of double negatives

A

‘He didn’t do nothing’

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16
Q

Define genitive pronouns

A

Possessive pronouns

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17
Q

Define indefinite pronouns

A

Not specific.

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18
Q

Give examples of indefinite pronouns

A

‘Something’; ‘nothing’; ‘anyone’; everything’.

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19
Q

Define exclamatives

A

A word that denotes an exclamation or contains an exclamation. Portrays potentially prosodic features.

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20
Q

Define declaratives

A

Statements in the form of declarations. Used to provide information to an audience or give an explanation. Most common sentence type.

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21
Q

Define simple sentences

A

One main clause/an individual thought.

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22
Q

Give an example of a simple sentence

A

The prisoner escaped.

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23
Q

Define compound sentences

A

Made up of two main clauses joined by a conjunction.

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24
Q

Give an example of a compound sentence

A

The prisoner escaped and he ran away.

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25
Q

Define complex sentences

A

Made up of a main clause and a dependent clause.

26
Q

Give an example of a complex sentence

A

When a prisoner runs away, the prison must be put into lockdown.

27
Q

Define interrogatives

A

A word used when asking a question

28
Q

Define conditional clauses

A

Clauses which begin with ‘if’ or ‘unless’, creating cause and effect.

29
Q

Define modal auxiliary verbs

A

Verbs which help the main verb of the sentence.

30
Q

List the 10 modal verbs.

A

can, could, may, might, must, ought, shall, should, will, would

31
Q

Define overt prestige

A

Formal varieties of language.

32
Q

Define mitigated imperative

A

A syntactically disguised imperative; e.g. it may be mitigated by a conditional clause or tentative language.

33
Q

Give an example of a mitigated imperative.

A

If we wanted to say ‘pass me the pen’, you may mitigate this and say ‘sorry, if you don’t mind, could you pass me the pen.’

34
Q

Define covert prestige.

A

Informal varieties of language that often create sociolect understanding.

35
Q

Define demonstratives

A

Words like ‘this’, ‘those’, ‘that’

36
Q

Define antecedent noun

A

The noun that the pronoun refers to

37
Q

Define parentheticals

A

Verb phrases such as ‘I think’, ‘I guess’, ‘I know’. These alter semantics and the strength of a sentence.

38
Q

Define abstract nouns and give examples

A

These nouns often add loaded/emotive content to persuasive texts e.g. loyalty, freedom and justice

39
Q

Define absolute adjectives and give examples

A

Adjectives of the most basic form. E.g. low, great, big.

40
Q

Define comparative adjectives and give examples

A

Adjectives that compare. E.g. lower, greater, bigger.

41
Q

Define superlative adjectives and give examples

A

Adjectives used to describe upper/lower limits, e.g. lowest, greatest, biggest.

42
Q

Define conjugation

A

How we form verbs

43
Q

What are the primary auxiliary verbs?

A

Be, Do, Have

44
Q

What are the conjugations for BE?

A

be, am, are, is, was, were, been, being

45
Q

What are the DO conjugations?

A

do, does, did

46
Q

What are the HAVE conjugations?

A

have, has, had, having

47
Q

Define boulomaic auxiliary verbs

A

The different degrees of volition (free will), desire and wish.

48
Q

Give two examples of boulomaic modal auxiliary verbs

A
  1. She would rather stay at home
  2. He will not accept the truth
49
Q

Define deontic auxiliary modal verbs

A

Concerning different degrees of obligation, advice, duty and permission.

50
Q

List the deontic modal auxiliary verbs

A

should, must, can, may, might, ought etc.

51
Q

Give two examples of deontic modal auxiliary verbs in practice

A
  1. You must not do that
  2. You can leave now
52
Q

Define dynamic modal auxiliary verbs

A

Concerning the different degrees of ability or tendency. Tends to be focused on the future.

53
Q

Give two examples of dynamic modal auxiliary verbs

A
  1. I could swim when I was five
  2. It may snow today
54
Q

Define epistemic modal auxiliary verbs

A

Relating to knowledge. The different levels of (im)possibility or (un)likelihood and (un)certainty.

55
Q

Give two examples of epistemic modal auxiliary verbs

A
  1. He must be about to arrive
  2. It may snow today
56
Q

Define polysyndeton

A

Listing with lots of conjunctions

57
Q

Define asyndeton/asyndetic listing

A

Listing without conjunctions (commas, semicolons)

58
Q

Define wh-imperatives

A

Imperatives that are disguised in interrogatives to soften the force of them. For example, ‘why don’t we go to the cinema?’

59
Q

Define empty adjectives

A

Adjectives that express feelings. E.g. pretty, beautiful and amazing

60
Q

Define hypercorrect grammar

A

Using standard English

English Language Year 1 (8 decks)

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