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English Language Year 1 > Grammar > Flashcards

Grammar Flashcards

1
Q

Define grammar

A

The method concerned with syntax (sentences), morphology (word formation) and word classes.

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2
Q

Define pronouns

A

A word used to replace a noun.

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3
Q

Give examples of pronouns

A

She, they, me, I, us, anyone, everyone

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4
Q

Define verbs

A

A word used to show an action, something that is happening or a state of being.

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5
Q

What are the indefinite articles?

A

A/An.

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6
Q

What is a definite article?

A

The.

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7
Q

Define adjectives

A

A word to describe an attribute. Also known as a modifier.

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8
Q

Define nouns

A

Refers to place, things and people.

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9
Q

Define adverbs

A

Modifies other adverbs, adjectives or verbs. Also known as a modifier.

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10
Q

Define prepositions

A

Words that tell us where and when something is in relations to something else. Many often indicate location.

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11
Q

Define copula verbs

A

Linking verbs - used to join an adjective or noun to the subject (doer) of the sentence.

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12
Q

Give example of copula verbs

A

Seems, is, becomes.

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13
Q

Define an infinitive

A

Basic form of a verb

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14
Q

Define double negatives

A

Using two or more negative particles in a sentence.

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15
Q

Give an example of double negatives

A

‘He didn’t do nothing’

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16
Q

Define genitive pronouns

A

Possessive pronouns

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17
Q

Define indefinite pronouns

A

Not specific.

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18
Q

Give examples of indefinite pronouns

A

‘Something’; ‘nothing’; ‘anyone’; everything’.

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19
Q

Define exclamatives

A

A word that denotes an exclamation or contains an exclamation. Portrays potentially prosodic features.

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20
Q

Define declaratives

A

Statements in the form of declarations. Used to provide information to an audience or give an explanation. Most common sentence type.

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21
Q

Define simple sentences

A

One main clause/an individual thought.

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22
Q

Give an example of a simple sentence

A

The prisoner escaped.

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23
Q

Define compound sentences

A

Made up of two main clauses joined by a conjunction.

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24
Q

Give an example of a compound sentence

A

The prisoner escaped and he ran away.

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25
Define complex sentences
Made up of a main clause and a dependent clause.
26
Give an example of a complex sentence
When a prisoner runs away, the prison must be put into lockdown.
27
Define interrogatives
A word used when asking a question
28
Define conditional clauses
Clauses which begin with 'if' or 'unless', creating cause and effect.
29
Define modal auxiliary verbs
Verbs which help the main verb of the sentence.
30
List the 10 modal verbs.
can, could, may, might, must, ought, shall, should, will, would
31
Define overt prestige
Formal varieties of language.
32
Define mitigated imperative
A syntactically disguised imperative; e.g. it may be mitigated by a conditional clause or tentative language.
33
Give an example of a mitigated imperative.
If we wanted to say 'pass me the pen', you may mitigate this and say 'sorry, if you don't mind, could you pass me the pen.'
34
Define covert prestige.
Informal varieties of language that often create sociolect understanding.
35
Define demonstratives
Words like 'this', 'those', 'that'
36
Define antecedent noun
The noun that the pronoun refers to
37
Define parentheticals
Verb phrases such as 'I think', 'I guess', 'I know'. These alter semantics and the strength of a sentence.
38
Define abstract nouns and give examples
These nouns often add loaded/emotive content to persuasive texts e.g. loyalty, freedom and justice
39
Define absolute adjectives and give examples
Adjectives of the most basic form. E.g. low, great, big.
40
Define comparative adjectives and give examples
Adjectives that compare. E.g. lower, greater, bigger.
41
Define superlative adjectives and give examples
Adjectives used to describe upper/lower limits, e.g. lowest, greatest, biggest.
42
Define conjugation
How we form verbs
43
What are the primary auxiliary verbs?
Be, Do, Have
44
What are the conjugations for BE?
be, am, are, is, was, were, been, being
45
What are the DO conjugations?
do, does, did
46
What are the HAVE conjugations?
have, has, had, having
47
Define boulomaic auxiliary verbs
The different degrees of volition (free will), desire and wish.
48
Give two examples of boulomaic modal auxiliary verbs
1. She **would** rather stay at home 2. He **will** not accept the truth
49
Define deontic auxiliary modal verbs
Concerning different degrees of obligation, advice, duty and permission.
50
List the deontic modal auxiliary verbs
should, must, can, may, might, ought etc.
51
Give two examples of deontic modal auxiliary verbs in practice
1. You **must** not do that 2. You **can** leave now
52
Define dynamic modal auxiliary verbs
Concerning the different degrees of ability or tendency. Tends to be focused on the future.
53
Give two examples of dynamic modal auxiliary verbs
1. I **could** swim when I was five 2. It **may** snow today
54
Define epistemic modal auxiliary verbs
Relating to knowledge. The different levels of (im)possibility or (un)likelihood and (un)certainty.
55
Give two examples of epistemic modal auxiliary verbs
1. He **must** be about to arrive 2. It **may** snow today
56
Define polysyndeton
Listing with lots of conjunctions
57
Define asyndeton/asyndetic listing
Listing without conjunctions (commas, semicolons)
58
Define wh-imperatives
Imperatives that are disguised in interrogatives to soften the force of them. For example, 'why don't we go to the cinema?'
59
Define empty adjectives
Adjectives that express feelings. E.g. pretty, beautiful and amazing
60
Define hypercorrect grammar
Using standard English

English Language Year 1 (8 decks)

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