Discourse structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Define discourse structure

A

The journey a text takes from start to finish. Deals with the cohesion and organisation of a text.

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2
Q

Define non-fluency features

A

Fillers, repetition, false-starts and verbal elements tied to spoken language.

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3
Q

Define interjections

A

Words like ‘uh-oh’, ‘oops’ and ‘aargh’. Verbal elements.

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4
Q

Define phatic tokens

A

A communication which primarily serves to establish and maintain social relationships. AKA ‘small talk’.

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5
Q

Define self-oriented phatic tokens

A

Refers to the individual who is speaking.

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6
Q

Give an example of self-oriented phatic tokens

A

‘Hard work, this’; ‘I’m warm today’.

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7
Q

Define other-oriented phatic tokens

A

Refers to the recipient of the phatic token.

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8
Q

Give an example of other-oriented phatic tokens

A

‘That looks like hard work’; ‘you’re looking well’

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9
Q

Define neutral-oriented phatic tokens

A

General small talk

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10
Q

Give an example of neutral-oriented phatic tokens

A

‘Nice weather’; ‘great view’

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11
Q

What are salutations?

A

Greetings

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12
Q

What are valedictions?

A

Goodbyes

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13
Q

Define pre-closing sequences

A

A sequence that normally establishes that the conversation should come to an end.

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14
Q

Give examples of pre-closing sequences

A

‘So I’ll ring you tomorrow then’

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15
Q

Define discourse markers

A

Words that show cohesion and structure

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16
Q

Give examples of discourse markers

A

First, next, after

17
Q

Define parenthesis

A

Linguistic term for brackets

18
Q

Define backchannelling

A

Responding to another person to show that you are listening

19
Q

Give examples of backchannelling

A

‘mm’ and ‘yeah’

20
Q

Define an overlap

A

Talking over someone but not to interrupt, rather to support

21
Q

Define an interruption

A

Where a person may try and take the floor

22
Q

Define anecdotal information

A

Where the speaker/text producer tells a story in order to be persuasive.

23
Q

Define dialogic

A

Whenever we have lots of adjacency pairs and turn-taking occurring, we can call it dialogic. It involves more than one speaker/participant.

24
Q

Define monologic

A

The opposite of dialogic; this is one writer or speaker.

25
Q

Define enumeration

A

Listing via bullet points

26
Q

Define intertextuality

A

Intertextuality is the way in which texts gain meaning through their referencing or recall of other texts. It is essentially where one text influences another.

27
Q

Define enjambment

A

Run on lines in poetry

28
Q

What are the 6 types of intertextuality?

A

Translation, plagiarism, quotation, allusion, parody and pastiche.

29
Q

What are the two types of speaker-oriented tag questions?

A

Epistemic modal tags and challenging tags

30
Q

What are epistemic modal tags?

A

Checking tags - clarification/confirmation of content. For example, ‘the capital of France is Paris, isn’t it?’

31
Q

What are challenging tags?

A

Confrontational or authoritative tags. For example, ‘I told you to tidy your room, didn’t I?’

32
Q

What are the two types of addressee oriented (affective) tag questions?

A

Facilitative tags and softener tags

33
Q

What are facilitative tags?

A

Inviting others into the conversation to enable interactional shift work. For example, ‘that was a great film, wasn’t it?’

34
Q

What are softener tags?

A

Mitigation tags - softening the force of requests. For example, ‘pass the salt, could you please?’