Discourse structure Flashcards
Define discourse structure
The journey a text takes from start to finish. Deals with the cohesion and organisation of a text.
Define non-fluency features
Fillers, repetition, false-starts and verbal elements tied to spoken language.
Define interjections
Words like ‘uh-oh’, ‘oops’ and ‘aargh’. Verbal elements.
Define phatic tokens
A communication which primarily serves to establish and maintain social relationships. AKA ‘small talk’.
Define self-oriented phatic tokens
Refers to the individual who is speaking.
Give an example of self-oriented phatic tokens
‘Hard work, this’; ‘I’m warm today’.
Define other-oriented phatic tokens
Refers to the recipient of the phatic token.
Give an example of other-oriented phatic tokens
‘That looks like hard work’; ‘you’re looking well’
Define neutral-oriented phatic tokens
General small talk
Give an example of neutral-oriented phatic tokens
‘Nice weather’; ‘great view’
What are salutations?
Greetings
What are valedictions?
Goodbyes
Define pre-closing sequences
A sequence that normally establishes that the conversation should come to an end.
Give examples of pre-closing sequences
‘So I’ll ring you tomorrow then’
Define discourse markers
Words that show cohesion and structure
Give examples of discourse markers
First, next, after
Define parenthesis
Linguistic term for brackets
Define backchannelling
Responding to another person to show that you are listening
Give examples of backchannelling
‘mm’ and ‘yeah’
Define an overlap
Talking over someone but not to interrupt, rather to support
Define an interruption
Where a person may try and take the floor
Define anecdotal information
Where the speaker/text producer tells a story in order to be persuasive.
Define dialogic
Whenever we have lots of adjacency pairs and turn-taking occurring, we can call it dialogic. It involves more than one speaker/participant.
Define monologic
The opposite of dialogic; this is one writer or speaker.
