Gramaire Advanced Flashcards
Conditionnals
0 cond
Common States or events and things which are real/ generally true
If + present simple+ present simple
Conditionnals 1
To talk about possible future states or events
If+ present simple/ continuous + will/ be going to
Conditionnals 2
Talk about unlikely or imaginary states or events in the present or future
If + past simple/continuous + would/Could /should/might
Conditionnals 3
Talk about imaginary states or events in the past
If + past perfect + would/Could/ should/ might + have past participle
when if clause s first in sentence , it is followed by a comma. There is no comma when the main clause comes first.
À
Mixed conditionnals
3rd conditionnals cause linked to 2nd conditionnals result
Show the imaginary present result of an imaginary past event or situation
If my parents had never met I wouldn’t be here now
3rd/2nd
2nd conditionnals cause linked to 3rd conditionnals result
Show how an ongoing situation produced an effect in the past
If i knew about computers, I would have applied for that IT job
2nd/3rd
Other conditionnals
1
If+ présent simple + impérative
To make suggestion’ advice or instruction
If you need a translator, please let me know
Get off the train when you get to the third station
2
If + present simple/present perfect+ can,Could, would, should, might
For suggestion and advice
She could give Martin the message if she sees him later
If you’ve studied English, you should tried to speak it
3
will after if
in polite request
If you will just wait a moment , I.ll tell me Jackson you’re here
4
To make request more polite we can use would
If you would take a seat for a moment, i’ll let mr jackson know you’re here
5
Replace if with should at the beginning of the clause particularly in very formal or literary English
Should you wish to extend your stay, please inform reception
6
Can use :
if it was/were not for Or Had not been for
To say that one situation is dependent on another situation or person
I’d go out if it wasn’t for this rain
If it hadn’t been for the tour guide, we would never have seen those carvings in the caves
7
Can use if + was, were + to + infinitive
To talk about imaginary future situation
If the technology were to become available, we would be able to travel across the world in just a couple of hours
8
Can use: if so,
given,
otherwise
Provided. Instead of if
Can use unless instead of if … not
Given the increase in social-networking sites, it’s easy to make new friends from around the world
I don’t want to go unless you come with me
Dépendent préposition Vb with for: Thank you for your email I apologize for the delay I opted for extra English lessons
Vb with in: Meals are included in the price I don't believe in lying I took part in a marathon last year
Vb with to:
I look forward to meeting you
Vb with on:
I drew on my experiences to write the essay
Vb with with
I was provided with lots of information
Vb with of
She reminded me of my mother
Unit 3 wishes and regrets
1
Wish/ if only + past simple : express a wish or regret about a general state that exists in the present or à usual or regular event or habit
He wishes he was a photographer instead of an actor
If only we had longer holidays
2
Wish / if only + would used to express a wish or regret about à usual or regular event or habit.
We use would when the person or thing doing the action could change their behaviour if they chose to.
Used to complain about someone’s behavior
If only the children would be quiet
I wish you would look for a job
3
Wish/ if only + past perfect used to express a wish or a regret about the past by saying how we would like the past to be different
I wish I had trained as a doctor instead of as a teacher
4
Wish + infinitive with to is used in more formal situations to mean want + infinitive .
It can be used to talk about the past, present or future
Napoleon wished to keep his battle plans a secret until the very last moment
5
Note that when the people talk about their wishes for the future , the verb hope is more often used
I hope you enjoy your stay in our town
She hopes to get a job in television
Would rather/ would prefer
1
Would rather + infinitive without to is used to express a preference about a general situation or event, or about a possible future situation or event
I’d rather work days than night
2
Would prefer + infinitive with to is also used to express a preference about a general situation or event or about a possible future situation or event
I’d prefer to travel with a group of people
3
Would rather + subject + présent/past simple is used to express a preference for another person or thing to do something now or in the future. The use of the past simple expresses the preference more tentatively or politely than the present simple
I would rather she works than does nothing
He’d rather you didn’t tell anyone about the interview yet
4
Would prefer+ it if + object + past simple is used in the same way
I’d prefer it if the interviewer asked a range of questions
I’d prefer it if they didn’t always focus on the same things
5
In formal context, the subjunctive is used with would rather. instead of the present simple we use the infinitive without to. Past subjunctive is the same as past simple except for be, where the past subjunctive always use were.
I’d rather he go now
I’d rather she were happy in her work
6
Would rather + have+ past participle is used to express a preference for one situation or outcome in the past over another
When he was young, he w’d rather have been a photographer than an actor
7
Would rather + subject + past perfect is used to express a wish or preference that actions or events in the past were different
I’d rather you had asked me before borrowing the car yesterday
I’d rather it hadn’t rained all through the holiday
Expression with time:
- it is time to go home now
- it is time for us to go home now
- it is time we went home now
- it is time we were going home now
To say that sthg should have been done already, about time and high time can be used. These also use the past simple.
- it is about time we went home
- it is high time we went home
