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1. CLASP Sepsis > Gram positives > Flashcards

Gram positives Flashcards

1
Q

How is streptococci classified?

A

haemolysis

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2
Q

What does alpha haemolysis look like?

A

green

partial

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3
Q

What does beta haemolysis look like?

A

full

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4
Q

What does gamma haemolysis look like?

A

white

none

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5
Q

What type of haemolysis does viridens strep have?

A

alpha haemolysis

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6
Q

What type of haemolysis does group A strep (pyogenes) have?

A

beta haemolysis

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7
Q

What is haemolysis?

A

destruction of red blood cells by bacteria

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8
Q

What type of haemolysis does enterococcus have?

A

gamma haemolytic

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9
Q

What is strep agalactaiae? When is it found?

A

group B beta haemolytic strep

found in pregnancy and neonates

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10
Q

What is strep gallollyticus sometimes found in?

A

endocarditis

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11
Q

What is the name of the stain used to distinguish between gram postive and negative?

A

crystal violet

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12
Q

How does gram postive bacteria respond to crystal violet?

A

thick peptidoglycan layer traps the crystal violet

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13
Q

How does gram negative bacteria respond to crystal violet?

A

crystal violet is easily washed away revealing red dye

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14
Q

Where is strep pneumoniae found as a normal commensal?

A

in and around the mouth

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15
Q

What can strep penumoniae cause?

A

otitis media/externa, meningitis, penumonia

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16
Q

Can strep pneumoniae be vaccinated against?

A

YES

17
Q

How is strep pneumoniae treated?

A

penicillin

18
Q

How does penicillin act on strep pneumonia?

A

binds to enzymes needed to synthesis the peptidoglycan cell wall

19
Q

What countries have a high level of pneumococcal resistance?

A 
canada
china
croatia
spain 
Poland
pakistan
mexico
italy
USA
greece
turkey
20
Q

What is the treatment of strep penumoniae if the patient has been to one of these countries?

A

IV Vancomycin or Rifampicin

21
Q

What is the most common type of enterococcus?

A

E. feacalis

22
Q

What is the second most common type of enterococcus?

A

E.faecium

23
Q

Where is enterococcus normally found as a commensal?

A

GI tract

24
Q

What does enterococcus cause?

A

UTIs
endocarditis
bacteraemia

25
Q

What is the treatment for enterococcus?

A

IV Amoxicillin

oral step down: amor or co trim

26
Q

What is the treatment for enterococcus if pen allergic?

A

IV Vancomycin

27
Q

What is given for staph aureus if it has caused sepsis? What if they were pen allergic?

A

IV flucox

IV vancomycin

28
Q

What should you give to a MRSA blood stream infection?

A

IV vancomycin

29
Q

What should you give to a MSSA blood stream infection?

A

IV flucoxacillin

30
Q

What is the class of C.diff bacteria?

A

gram positive bacilli

31
Q

What is the treatment for mild C.diff?

A

oral metranidazole

32
Q

What is the treatment for severe C.diff?

A

oral vancomycin

1. CLASP Sepsis (8 decks)

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