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1. CLASP Sepsis > Gram negatives > Flashcards

Gram negatives Flashcards

1
Q

What makes a bacteria gram negative?

A

additional lipopolysaccharides outer membrane - gives the cell its negative charge

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2
Q

What do quinolones and ciprofloxacin cause?

A

tendonitis, lower seizure threshold and rupture of aortic aneurysms

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of H.influenza?

A

gram negative cocobacillus

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4
Q

How does H.influenza grow in the lab?

A

chocolate agar anaerobically

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5
Q

What does H.influenza require to grow in vitro?

A

X factor and V factor - both found in the chocolate agar

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6
Q

What is the first and second line antibiotics for H.influenza?

A
  1. amoxicillin

2. doxycylcine

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7
Q

Does H.influenza have a vaccine?

A

yes

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8
Q

What is atypical pneumonia caused by?

A

mycoplasma pneumoniae
acute Coxiella burnetti
Chlamidophilia psitacci
legionella pneumophila

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9
Q

What do most causes of atypical pneumonia respond to?

A

doxycycline or clarithromycin

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10
Q

What does legionella pneumophilia respond to?

A

levofloxacin

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11
Q

What is the characteristics of legionella pneumophilia?

A

gram negative bacili

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12
Q

Where does legionell grow once in the body?

A

alveolar macrophages

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13
Q

What is Pontiac disease?

A

a milder form of legionela pneumophila

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14
Q

What is the most common form of legionella pneumophilia?

A

serogroup 1

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15
Q

How is the form of legionella pneumophilia confirmed?

A

urine antigen test

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16
Q

What groups are most susceptible to legionella pneumophilia?

A 
smokers
males
COPD
immunosuppressed
malignancy
diabetes
dialysis
17
Q

How is Pseudomonas treated?

A

oral ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone

18
Q

What gram -ve rods are found in the gut?

A 
klebsiella
proteus
enterobacter
serratia
E.coli
19
Q

How are the gut gram -ve rods treated?

A

gentamicin

20
Q

What is an extended spectrum beta lactamase?

A

very resistant so - penicillin, cephalosporin and aztreonam activity is lost

21
Q

How should an ESBL producing coliform in blood be treated?

A

IV meropenem

22
Q

What gram -ve rods are found in the gut?

A 
klebsiella
proteus
enterobacter
serratia
E.coli
23
Q

How are the gut gram -ve rods treated?

A

gentamicin

24
Q

What is an extended spectrum beta lactamase?

A

very resistant so - penicillin, cephalosporin and aztreonam activity is lost

25
Q

How should an ESBL producing coliform in blood be treated?

A

IV meropenem

1. CLASP Sepsis (8 decks)

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