Gram negatives Flashcards
What makes a bacteria gram negative?
additional lipopolysaccharides outer membrane - gives the cell its negative charge
What do quinolones and ciprofloxacin cause?
tendonitis, lower seizure threshold and rupture of aortic aneurysms
What are the characteristics of H.influenza?
gram negative cocobacillus
How does H.influenza grow in the lab?
chocolate agar anaerobically
What does H.influenza require to grow in vitro?
X factor and V factor - both found in the chocolate agar
What is the first and second line antibiotics for H.influenza?
- amoxicillin
2. doxycylcine
Does H.influenza have a vaccine?
yes
What is atypical pneumonia caused by?
mycoplasma pneumoniae
acute Coxiella burnetti
Chlamidophilia psitacci
legionella pneumophila
What do most causes of atypical pneumonia respond to?
doxycycline or clarithromycin
What does legionella pneumophilia respond to?
levofloxacin
What is the characteristics of legionella pneumophilia?
gram negative bacili
Where does legionell grow once in the body?
alveolar macrophages
What is Pontiac disease?
a milder form of legionela pneumophila
What is the most common form of legionella pneumophilia?
serogroup 1
How is the form of legionella pneumophilia confirmed?
urine antigen test
What groups are most susceptible to legionella pneumophilia?
smokers males COPD immunosuppressed malignancy diabetes dialysis
How is Pseudomonas treated?
oral ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone
What gram -ve rods are found in the gut?
klebsiella proteus enterobacter serratia E.coli
How are the gut gram -ve rods treated?
gentamicin
What is an extended spectrum beta lactamase?
very resistant so - penicillin, cephalosporin and aztreonam activity is lost
How should an ESBL producing coliform in blood be treated?
IV meropenem
What gram -ve rods are found in the gut?
klebsiella proteus enterobacter serratia E.coli
How are the gut gram -ve rods treated?
gentamicin
What is an extended spectrum beta lactamase?
very resistant so - penicillin, cephalosporin and aztreonam activity is lost
How should an ESBL producing coliform in blood be treated?
IV meropenem
