Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Micro > Gram Positive Algorithm > Flashcards

Gram Positive Algorithm Flashcards

1
Q

Staph Aureus (catalase +, coagulase +)

A
  1. beta hemolytic
  2. cocci in clusters
  3. Protein A–inhibits complement activation
  4. commonly in nose
  5. pneumonia after flu
  6. TSST-1
  7. rapid onset food poisoning (old mayo)–enterotoxin that is heat stable and not destroyed by cooking
  8. forms fibrin clot around self (Abscess forming)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Staph epidermis

A
  1. adherent biofilms to prosthetic devices and catheters
  2. contaminates blood cultures
  3. novobiocin sensitive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Staph Saprophyticus

A
  1. Novobiocin resistant
  2. UTI (young women)–most common though is Ecoli
  3. urease +
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Strep Pneumoniae (lancet shaped, diplococci)

A
  1. MOPS (lobar pneumonia)
  2. encapsulated
  3. IgA protease
  4. Optochin sensitive
  5. “rusty sputum”
  6. sepsis in sickle cell anemia
  7. alpha hemolytic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Viridans Group Strep

A
  1. Alpha hemolytic
  2. Optochin resistant
  3. normal flora of oropharynx
  4. Sub acute bacterial endocarditis (S. Sanguinis)
  5. Sanguinis–dextrans (binds fibrin platelet aggregates on damaged heart valves)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Strep Pyogenes (group A strep)

A
  1. Beta hemolytic, bacitracin sensitive
  2. Rheumatic fever —bc of M proteins (after pharyngitis)
  3. ASO titer–Streptolysin O (degrades cell membrane)
  4. JONES criteria-rheumatic fever
  5. Scarlet fever
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Strep Agalactiae (group B strep)

A
  1. Bacitracin resistant
  2. mainly in babies (pneumonia, meningitis)
  3. CAMP factor (hippurate test)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Enterococci (group D strep)

A
  1. normal colonic flora
  2. Pen G resistant
  3. UTI
  4. subacute endocarditis (following GI/GU procedures)
  5. grow in 6.5% NaCl
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Strep Bovis

A
  1. Subacute endocarditis in colon cancer patients

2. Bacteremia with strep bovis, look for colon cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cornyebacteria Diptheriae

A
  1. Black Colonies on Cystine tellurite agar
  2. Diptheria toxin (encoded by a B prophage, ADP ribosylation of EF2–proteins cant grow on ribosome)
  3. Pseudomembranous pharyngitis
  4. gram pos rods, metachromatic granules
  5. elek test: toxin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the spore forming gram positive bacteria? and what is a spore?

A

spore–metabolically inactive, resistant to heat and chemicals
Dipicolinic acid in their core
Anthrax, clostridium perfringens, Cl. tetani, (in soil)
C. Botulinum, B. cereus, Coxiella burnetti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Clostridium Tetani

A
  1. tetanus toxin ( stops release of GABA and glycine)–from Renshaw cells in spinal cord
  2. spastic paralysis
  3. sardonic smile
  4. lockjaw
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

C. Botulinum

A
  1. botulin toxin (stops release of AcH), preformed heat labile
  2. flaccid paralysis
  3. Floppy baby syndrome (spores in honey)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

C. Perfringens

A
  1. gas gangrene
  2. Alpha toxin–lecithinase, –> myonecrosis
  3. infection in wounds (military)
  4. double zone of B hemolysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

C. Difficile

A
  1. Toxin A–enterotoxin–binds brush border of intestine
  2. Toxin B– cytoskeleton disruption( via actin depolymerization)
  3. Pseudomembranous colitis –> diarrhea
  4. Secondary to antibiotic use ( clindamycin or ampicillin)
    TX; metrinidazole, oral vanc, fecal transplant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Bacillus Anthracis

A
  1. Spore forming rod
  2. Polypeptide capsule (D-glutamate) –only bacterium all other polysaccharide?
  3. Anthrax toxin (mimics AC)
  4. Cutaneous anthrax– ulcer with black eschar(painless)
  5. Pulmonary Anthrax- widened mediastinum on CXR, pulmonary hemorrhage and mediastinitis.
    Woolsorters’ dz–inhaled from contaminated wool
17
Q

B. Cereus

A
  1. Rice
  2. spores survive cooking (germinate in warm environment)
  3. Emetic type–Cereulide (preformed toxin)–N/V within 5 hrs
  4. Diarrheal type– watery, nonbloody diarrhea (8-18hrs)
18
Q

Listeria

A
  1. Unpasteurized dairy products, deli meats, raw veggies
  2. Motile at cold temps (4), non motile at 37 ‘tumbling motility at cold temps’
  3. LPS (only gram positive with LPS)
  4. Intracellular (requires T cell mediated action)
    • Listeriolysin O (activated at acidic envrinments, pokes holes in lysosomes and allows organism to escape)
  5. vaginal transmission (neonatal meningitis)
19
Q

Actinomyces

A
  1. Normal oral flora (anaerobe)
  2. facial/oral abscesses
  3. “sulfur” granules –yellow
  4. branching
20
Q

Nocardia

A
  1. Acid fast (aerobe)
  2. branching
  3. Found in soil
  4. Urease +
  5. Pulmonary infections in IC
  6. Skin infections in immunocompetent
21
Q

TB (mycobacterium)

a. high lipid content (no gram stain)
b. Lowenstein jensen agar (takes 2-4 weeks)
c.

A
  1. acid fast (Ziehl Neelsen stain–carbolfuchsin)
  2. granuloma
  3. Cord factor–inhibits macrophage maturation and induces TNF a release (granulomas)
  4. Sulfatides–inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion inhibit killing of mycobacteria
    TB survive in alveolar macrophages
22
Q

Leprosy

A
  1. Mycobacterium Leprae
  2. likes cool temps
  3. glove and stocking pattern (superficial nerves)
  4. Armadillos
  5. Lepramatous– communicable, low Th2 response, diffusely over skin
  6. Tuberculoid– high Th1 response, few hairless skin plaques

Micro (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions