Fungi (First Aid)

Question 1

Histoplasmosis

Tb like

Answer 1

1. Mississippi and Ohio River valleys
2. Bird and bat droppings
3. Inside macrophages (histo hides in macrophages)

Question 2

Blastomycosis

Answer 2

1. broad base yeast budding
2. Inflamm lung disease that can disseminate to skin and bone
3. granulomatous budding

Question 3

Coccidioidomycosis

Answer 3

1. Valley fever (San Joaquin)
2. Southwestern United states, Cali
3. Spherules in lungs (filled with endospores)– can disseminate to bone and skin
4. INcrease after earthquakes (spores in soil)
5. erythema nodosum (desert bumps), arthralgia

Question 4

Paracoccidioidomycosis

Answer 4

1. Captains wheel

2. Latin America

Question 5

Tinea versicolor

Answer 5

Athletes foot

Question 6

Candida Albicans

Answer 6

1. oral/esophageal thrush in IC
2. endocarditis in IV drug users
3. Vulvovaginitis

Question 7

Aspergillus

Answer 7

1. ABPA–asthma and CF (cause bronchiectasis and eosinophilia)
2. Asgergillomas in lung cavities after TB
3. Aflatoxins–Hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 8

Cryptococcus neoformans

Answer 8

1. India Ink (also mucicarmine)
2. heavily encapsulated (causes meningitis)
3. pigeon droppings
4. “soap bubble” lesions in brain

Question 9

Mucormycosis

Answer 9

1. diabetics
2. proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is high ketoacids or glucose
3. Enters brain through cribiform plate
4. black necrotic eschar on face
5. frontal lobe, rhinocerebral abscess
6. headache, facial pain

Question 10

Pneumocystis Jirovecii

Answer 10

1. pneumonia in AIDS patients (prophylaxis in AIDS when CD4 count drops below 200, TMP-SMX, dapsone, atoquavone)
2. Silver stain
3. Disc shaped yeast on silver stain

Question 11

Sporothrix Schenctii

Answer 11

1. Rose Gardner’s Disease
2. cigar shaped budding yeast on vegetations
3. local pustule, ulcer with nodules along draining lymphatics. –usually on finder, hand, and arm.