Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Gram (+) Cocci, G(-) Cocci, G(+) Aerobic Rods > Flashcards

Gram (+) Cocci, G(-) Cocci, G(+) Aerobic Rods Flashcards

1
Q

Which gram positive cocci are beta hemolytic?

A

S. pyogenes (Group A)
S. agalactiae (Group B)
S. aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which media isolates staphylococci?

A

Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA)

Mannitol fermentation = yellow colonies = S. aureus

Staphylococcus epidermis = growth but no color change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does phenylethyl alcohol agar (PEA) isolate?

A

Gram positive bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What differentiates Enterococcus from other streptococci

A

Bile esculin (+)

Black colonies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which gram positive cocci are catalase positive?

A

Staphylococci
Micrococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which gram positive cocci are catalase negative?

A

Streptococcus
Enterococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Reagent for catalase test?

A

3% H2O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does free coagulase react with?

A

Coagulase reacting factor (CRF)

This forms a visible clot in coagulase test tube test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does bound coagulase not react with?

A

CRF

In coagulase slide test
Clumping = +

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is PYR (+)?

A

Enterococcus or S. pyogenes = (+)

Other streptococci = (-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What color is PYR if positive?

A

Pink/red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is positive for LAP (leucine amino peptidase)?

A

Streptococcus
Enterococcus
Pediococcus

Tests for enzyme that hydrolyzes peptide bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bile solubility (+)?

A

S. pneumoniae, colonies disintegrate

Differentiates E. faecalis (-), colonies remain intact, and differentiates other alpha hemolytic strep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is CAMP (+)?

A

S. agalactiae

Lyses RBCs of S. aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Gram stain of Staphylococcus

A

G(+) cocci in grape-like clusters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Staphylococcus colonies

A

Large
Creamy yellow
Beta hemolytic
Non-motile
Resistant to bacitracin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

S. aureus

A

Staphylococcus Scalded Skin Syndrome

Toxic Shock Syndrome

Food poisoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

S. saprophyticus

A

Honeymooners Disease - UTI in sexually active women

Normal flora in urogenital tract

Novobiocin resistance (separates from S. epidermidis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which staphylococcus is coagulase (+)?

A

S. aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which staphylococci is novobiocin Resistant?

A

S. saprophyticus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Micrococcus

A

Gram (+) cocci in tetrads

Strict aerobes

Normal flora of skin, mucosa, oral pharynx

Small, yellow, smooth colonies

Susceptible to bacitracin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Lysostaphin resistant (-)

A

Micrococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Bacitracin susceptible (in G + cocci, catalase +)

A

Micrococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Novobiocin resistant

A

S. saprophyticus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Gram stain of streptococcus

A

Gram (+) cocci in chains

Think: Strips

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Hemolysins for S. pyogenes

A

Streptolysin S: stable in presence of O2, large beta hemolysis zone around colonies

Streptolysin O: inhibited when exposed to O2, enhanced hemolysis around stabs in agar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

S. pyogenes diseases

A

Suppurative (pus)

Strep throat

Scarlet fever

Necrotizing faciitis

Bacteremia

Rheumatic fever (damage to heart valves)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

S. pyogenes biochemical tests

A

PYR (+)
LAP (+)
Bacitracin S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

S. agalactiae

A

Normal flora of GI tract and urogenital tract

Small, translucent, small zone of beta hemolysis

Early onset: <7 days, pneumonia and sepsis

Late onset: 1 wk-3 months, meningitis

Adults: UTI, wound/soft tissue infection, pneumoniae, bacteremia

Check in pregnant women and treat at delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

S. pyogenes vs. S. agalactiae

A

Group A: PYR (+), Bacitracin S

Group B: PYR (-), Bacitracin R, Hippurate (+), CAMP (+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

S. pneumoniae (gram stain shape, normal flora)

A

Lancet shaped diplococci

Normal flora of nasopharynx

Alpha hemolytic

Small colonies in un-encapsulated strains, larger mucoid round colonies in encapsulated strains (Quelling reaction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Diseases of S. pneumoniae

A

Bacterial pneumonia, otitis media, meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

S. pneumoniae biochemical tests

A

Optochin susceptible

Bile solubility (+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Enterococcus faecalis/faecium

A

Normal human flora of GI and vaginal tract

Large, gray colonies with a sheen

Non-hemolytic

Catalase (-)
PYR (+)
Bile esculin (+)
Optochin resistant - resistant to more antibiotics than other GPC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Group D Strep (Non-Enterococcus)

A

PYR (-)
LAP (+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Associated with Chlamydia

A

Neisseria gonorrheae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Halo around colonies

A

Corynebacterium on CTBA and TIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

LAP (+)

A

Strepcoccus
Enterococcus

39
Q

PYR (+)

A

S. pyogenes
Enterococcus

40
Q

Bile esculin (+)

A

Enterococcus
Group D

41
Q

Which organisms have necrotizing fasciitis?

A

S. pyogenes
Bacillus anthracis

42
Q

B. anthracis vs other Bacillus sp

A

Non-hemolytic

43
Q

B cereus vs other Bacillus

A

Penicillin resistant

44
Q

S. mutans disease

A

Dental caries

45
Q

Viridans normal flora

A

Respiratory tract
GI
Urogenital tract

46
Q

Abiotrophia and Granulicatella

A

Nutritionally deficient strep

Requires cysteine or pyridoxal supplements to grow

Grows satellite colonies around S. aureus

47
Q

Optochin susceptible

A

S. pneumoniae

48
Q

Bacitracin susceptible

A

S. pyogenes

49
Q

Bile solubility (+)

A

S. pneumoniae

50
Q

PYR and 6.5% NaCl (+)

A

Enterococcus

Differentiates Group D

51
Q

Aerococcus

A

Forms biofilms, clumps platelets

Airborne

UTI, Endocarditis, bacteremia

6.5% NaCl (+) but bile esculin (-)

Gram (+) clusters

52
Q

Capnophilic

53
Q

Media for Neisseria

A

SBA
Chocolate
MTM
Martin-Lewis
NYC

54
Q

Superoxol test

A

N. gonorrhoeae

55
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Usually seen in men

Can cause conjunctivitis in babies

Need CO2

Coffee bean diplococci

Accompanied with Chlamydia

56
Q

Waterhouse-Friederichsen Syndrome

A

Neisseria meningitidis

57
Q

Serological groups in the US (Neisseria)

58
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis

A

Hydrolyzes tributyrin

Hockey puck colonies - slide around if you push with a stick

Wagon wheel for older colonies colonies

Reduces nitrate

Cannot produce acids from carbohydrates

59
Q

N. cinerea vs Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Moraxella

A

N. cinerea: susceptible to Colistin

The others are resistant

60
Q

N. gonorrhoeae does NOT grow on this agar

61
Q

N. gonorrhoeae utilizes what sugar(s)?

62
Q

N. meningitidis utilizes what sugar(s)?

A

Glucose
Maltose

63
Q

N. lactamica utilizes what sugar(s)?

A

Glucose
Maltose
Lactose

64
Q

N. sicca utilizes what sugar(s)?

A

Glucose
Maltose
Sucrose

65
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis utilizes what sugar?

A

None. Hydrolyzes butyrate/tributyrin

66
Q

Media for G(+) aerobic bacilli

A

SBA
Chocolate
PEA
Cystine tellurite blood agar (CTBA)
Modified Tinsdale Agar (TIN)
Loeffler
Human blood bilayer Tween agar
Columbia Colistin-naladixic agar

67
Q

Resistant to penicillin

A

B. cereus

B. cereus is serious about resistance!!

68
Q

Bacillus

A

Gram (+) bacilli in chains (looks like boxcars)

Has spores that help with desiccation and heat in soil

Transmission: trauma, ingestion, inhalation, injection

69
Q

B. cereus

A

Food poisoning, eating contaminated food with spores

Wound and eye infections, ex: kid playing in soil and rubbing eye

Beta hemolytic
Catalase (+)
Motility (+)
Hemolysis (+)
PEA (+)
Gelatin hydrolysis (+)
Positive for a bunch of things basically

Penicillin resistant

70
Q

Bacillus anthracis vs other bacillus

A

Non-hemolytic

71
Q

Bacillus anthracis gram stain and colony morphology

A

Gram stain: string of pearls

Colonies: Medusa head/beaten egg white

72
Q

Bacillus anthracis biochemical tests

A

Catalase (+)
Motility (-)
Gelatin hydrolysis (-)
Hemolysis (-)
PEA (-)
Penicillin sensitive

Basically opposite of B. cereus except catalase

73
Q

Bacillus anthracis diseases

A

Cutaneous anthrax: necrotic skin
GI anthrax: ingesting spores, lesions in intestines
Inhalation: respiratory, flu-like symptoms
Injection: necrotizing fasciitis, injecting spores

74
Q

What are the 2 catalase (+), non-spore forming GPRs?

A

Corynebacterium
Listeria

75
Q

What separates C. diphtheriae from other Corynebacterium?

A

Urease (-)

76
Q

Media for Corynebacterium

A

Loeffler
CTBA and TIN (halo)

77
Q

Corynebacterium characteristics

A

Halo on CTBA and TIN agar

Chinese characters and palisades (parallel rods to each other)

Metachromatic granules

Elek Test/Immunodiffusion test: form lines of precipitation

Catalase (+)
Bile esculin (-)
Non-acid fast
Growth on SBA
Non-spore forming

78
Q

Corynebacterium diseases

A

Respiratory, tonsils, pharynx

Cutaneous
Ulcers

79
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A

Found in: soil, water, GI tract of animals and humans

In cold foods like ice cream, cheese, meats, raw vegetables

Tumbling and umbrella motility at RT, non-motile at 37 deg

High mortality in CNS infected patients

80
Q

Listeria biochemical tests

A

CAMP - block hemolysis

Catalase (+)
Bile esculin (+) - differentiates S. agalactiae
Hippurate (+)
Beta hemolysis, CAMP (+) block hemolysis
Growth in 6.5% NaCl

81
Q

Clue cells

A

Gardnerella vaginalis

82
Q

Gardnerella vaginalis

A

Bacterial vaginosis (BV)

Hemolysis (+) on HBT (human blood tween)
Urease (+)
Catalase (-)
Oxidase (-)
Non-motile

83
Q

Erysipelothrix thusiopathiae

A

Zoonotic infection from puncture wound or abrasion. Skin disease (Erysipeloid)

Brush-like pattern in motility agar

H2S (+)
Catalase (-)
Esculin hydrolysis (-)

84
Q

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum

A

Curved G(+) rods, possible branching

Beta hemolytic

Reverse CAMP (inhibits beta lysin in S. aureus)

85
Q

Lactobacillus

A

LONG chains of G(+) rods

Catalase (-)

Maintains vaginal pH

Alpha hemolytic

Susceptible to most antibiotics so testing is not done

86
Q

Acinomycete

A

Branching, filamentous G(+)

In soil in humid/tropical environments

Transmission: wounds, abrasions on skin

87
Q

Nocardia asteroides

A

Resistance to intracellular killing
- inhibits phagosome-lysosome fusion
- steals iron (produces nocobactin)

Colonies look like stars

88
Q

Nocardia brasiliensis

A

From skin puncture (thorn/wood splinter)
Swelling, draining sinuses with pus, sulfur granules

89
Q

Actinomycete that is NOT partially acid fast

A

Streptomyces

90
Q

Whipple Disease

A

Tropheryma whipplei

91
Q

Red, orange colonies

From farm animals

A

Rhodococcus

92
Q

Caramel odor strep

A

Viridans - S. angiosus

93
Q

Lysozyme resistant (+)

A

Tsukamurella

94
Q

Pink/orange/red colonies

A

Rhodococcus

Farm animals

Microbiology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions