Grade 9 Science Unit B Topic 1-2

Question 1

WHMIS

Answer 1

Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System

Question 2

2 categories of Hazards

Answer 2

Physical Hazard
Health Hazard

Question 3

Physical Hazard

Answer 3

Identified by:
Sate (solid, liquid, gas)
Physical Properties: (explosive, corrosive, flammable)
19 categories of Physical Hazard (Ex. Flammable Gases.)

Question 4

Health Hazard

Answer 4

Identified considering:
Potential exposure routes (inhalation, ingestion)
Nature of harm (Effect immediate or not)
12 categories of health hazards (e.g… Carcinogenicity)

Question 5

Suppliers

Answer 5

Responsible for classifying hazardous products

Question 6

Importers

Answer 6

Make sure it’s correctly classified and labelled to meet WHMIS requirement

Question 7

Employers

Answer 7

Imports products for the workplace, the employer has duties of suppliers

Question 8

Workplace labels

Answer 8

Must have:
product identifier
safe handling instructions

Question 9

Supplier labels

Answer 9

Must have:
Product identifier
hazard pictograms
signal words like danger or warning
Hazard statements
Precautionary statements including first aid info
Supplier identifier
Must be placed on container before import or sale

Question 10

Safety Data Sheet ( SDS)

Answer 10

Documents that summarize info about a product and any precautions
More information on the label
Usually provided by the supplier
Binder with SDS for all the chemicals we have

Question 11

Consumer Chemical Hazard

Answer 11

Hazardous chemicals intended for household, personal or retail use

Question 12

Sublimation

Answer 12

Occurs when a solid changes directly into a gas (Solid to Gas)

Question 13

Deposition

Answer 13

Occurs when a gas can change directly into a solid (Gas to Solid)

Question 14

Plasma

Answer 14

Fourth state of matter
Results when a large amount of energy is added to Gas
Examples: Neon signs, Stars like our sun, lightning.

Question 15

Properties

Answer 15

Characteristics that can be used to describe a substance

Question 16

2 Types of properties

Answer 16

Physical properties
Chemical properties

Question 17

Physical Properties

Answer 17

Describe the physical composition of the substance:
Example:
Melting point (Solid to Liquid)
Boiling point (Liquid to Gas)
Hadeness- the ability to resist being scratched
Crystal shape
Malleability- Being able to shape an object without it breaking
Solubility- Ability of a substance to be dissolved in another
Ductility- capable of being drawn out into wire or thread
Density- the amount of mass in a given volume of substance
Conductivity- how well can an object transmit and conduct electricity

Question 18

Chemical Properties

Answer 18

Describe how a substance interacts with another substance
Example:
Reaction with Acids
Ability to burn
Reaction to water
Behaviour in air
Reaction to heat

Question 19

Pure substance

Answer 19

Made of only one kind of matter and has unique properties that set it apart from other kinds of matter

Question 20

Element

Answer 20

Sub-Category of a pure substance
A material that cannot be broken down into any simple substance. (Ex. Calcium, Hydrogen, Bromine)

Question 21

Compound

Answer 21

Sub-Category of a pure substance
A compound is formed when 2 or more elements combine chemically in fixed ratios. (Ex. H20-water)

Question 22

Mixtures

Answer 22

A combination of pure substances. (May be different from compounds as they do not combine chemically)
Remain in their original form

Question 23

Mechanical Mixtures

Answer 23

Different substances that make up mixtures are visible
Also known as a Heterogeneous mixture
Ex, Soil, Sand, Mixed veggies

Question 24

Solution

Answer 24

Looks like 1 substances.
Also known as a Homogenous mixture
Aqueous solution dissolved in water

Question 25

Suspension

Answer 25

A cloudy mixture in which tiny particles of one substance are held within another.
If you let it sit it will usually separate out into separate parts
Ex. Muddy water, paint, dust in the air, flour in water

Question 26

Colloid

Answer 26

Cloudy mixture
The particles are so small that they cannot be filtered out easily.
Example: Corn starch and water, Homogenized milk

Question 27

Physical Change

Answer 27

Occurs when a substance’s appearance or state changes, but its composition stays the same
Example: Ice melts into water. The state has changed, and appearance is different. However. ice is made of H2O ,and water is H2O ,so the actual substance is the same
Physical changes are almost always reversible

Question 28

Chemical Change

Answer 28

Occurs when 2 or more materials react and create new materials
New materials have completely different properties from the original substances
Chemical Chsnge always results in the formation of a different substance or substances
Example. Frying an egg
When you fry an egg it forms a new substance.
It is irreversible

Question 29

Evidence of Chemical Change

Answer 29

Change in colour (e.g. Add bleach in denim- colour changes)
Change in odour (e.g. Lightning a match- distinctive odour)
Formation of solid or gas (e.g. When vinegar is added to baking soda, carbon dioxide is formed)
Release or absorption of heat energy ( When gasoline is burned heat is released)

Question 30

Alloy

Answer 30

Mixture of metals

Question 31

Democritus

Answer 31

About 400 BC
Greek Philosopher
Used word “atomos” to describe smallest particles that could not be broken down any further
“Atomos” means “indivisible”
He stated that all things were made up of different “atomos” and that by mixing the “atomos”, you could create new materials

Question 32

Democritus Vs. Aristotle

Answer 32

Aristotle believed all things were made up of air, fire, earth, and water
Aristotle was well-known and respected, and his opinion was favoured

Question 33

Alchemy

Answer 33

Also known as pseudo-science:
Not real because it’s not based on facts
Searched for a way to turn any matter into gold because they didn’t understand the nature of matter.

Question 34

Al-Razi

Answer 34

An alchemist
Discovered change of state to create a plaster of Paris
A combination of substances becomes a quick, hardening paste when mixed with water

Question 35

Andreas Libau

Answer 35

German alchemist
Published “Alchemia” which highlighted the achievements
Also made note of how to prepare chemicals such as hydrochloric acid, making his book the first chemistry text published in 1957

Question 36

Robert Boyle

Answer 36

1660 - An Irish Aristocrat
Interested in properties of gases and their behaviour under pressure
Echoed Democritus opinion
That particles would bond together to form different substances

Question 37

Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (and his wife Marie)

Answer 37

1770’s French scientist
Developed a sytem for naming chemicals
Based on their interactions
Known as “The father of modern chemistry”
His wife continued his work after he was executed in the French Revolution.

Question 38

John Dalton, 1808

Answer 38

Suggested that matter was made up of elements which were pure substances that contained no other substances
First to come up with the structure of an atom which was a particle that made up an element
Identified each atom had its own mass, and no two masses were the same
Created ‘Billiard ball model”

Question 39

J.J. Thomson

Answer 39

1897- British Physicist
The first to discover sub-atomic particles, discovered the electron
The negatively charged electrons balanced the positive atoms, so the atoms had no change.

Question 40

Hantaro Nagoka

Answer 40

1904- Japanese Physicist
He refined the model of the atom to resemble a mini solar system, with electrons orbiting around the atom

Question 41

Ernest Rutherford

Answer 41

1911- British scientist
Won Nobel Prize for work he did at McGill University in Montreal
Using Thomson’s model, he conducted experiments that supported the existence of a tiny, positive-charged centre
He calculated the size of the nucleus was 1/1000th the size of the atom

Question 42

Niels Bohr

Answer 42

1931- Danish researcher
Worked with Rutherford
Further model of the atom by noting that electrons ( negative charge) move in specific orbits or “electron shells” and jump these orbits to lose energy

Question 43

James Chadwick

Answer 43

1932- British Physicist
Discover a nucleus filled with positively charged particles called protons and neutral particles called neutrons.
Neutrons have the same mass as a proton, but no charge

Question 44

Jons Jacob Berzelius

Answer 44

Suggested using letters instead of pictures
Would capitalize the first letter of the name of the element, and add a lowercase second letter if the first had already been used.