Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Health Care > Grade 12 Exam Review > Flashcards

Grade 12 Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

maintaining cleanliness to prevent spread of microorganisms

A

Medical Asepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Protect all health workers from exposure and transmission to others

A

Universal precautions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hospitals and health care facilities use this; combines universal precautions with body substances isolation guidelines

A

Standard precautions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

possibility of blood and body fluid contact

A

category 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

blood not visible, possibility of body fluid contamination

A

category 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

no risk of body fluid contact

A

category 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

bath of special solution through which sound waves pass loose debris from instruments

A

ultrasonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 criteria for disinfection

A

proper time, proper contact, proper dilution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

destroy all microoragnisms except acterial spores

A

high level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

inactivates bacteria such as staph, most fungus and viruses, not spores

A

intermediate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

most bacteria, some viruses and fungi

not resistant microorganisms or spores

A

low level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

required for all instruments that will penetrate a client’s skin

A

sterilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

temperature, pressure, time

A

autoclave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

if enough of your neighbours are vaccinated you’re unlikely to get the disease

A

herd immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

vaccinate people in the immediate vacinity of someone who had he disease or to those who are most likely to be infected

A

ring vaccination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

gram negative

A

red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

gram positive

A

purple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

grow in the presence of O2

A

aerobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

grow in the absence of O2

A

anaerobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

can grow with or without O2

A

facultative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

grows in chains, gram positive

A

streptococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

grape like clusters, gram positive

A

staphylococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

stain that adheres to a waxy cell wall

A

acid fast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

cant gram stain

A

tuberculosis, and spirilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

liquid keeps the organisms alive and mobile to it can be examined

A

wet mount

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

speciment is spread thinly and unevenly across the slide and may be fixed

A

smear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

allows for growth of colonies

A

culture medium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

anaerobic, spore forming rods, gram positive

A

clostridium difficile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

normal cells that have begun to divide at a rapid and unorganized rate

A

cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

loss of differntiation of cells; return to a more primitive cell type; lack of orderly arrangement

A

anaplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

masses or growths that arise from normal tissue

A

tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

new growth, benign or malignant tumors

A

neoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

lessening of symptoms of a disease

A

remission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

agents that cause cancer

A

carcinogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

change in the DNA of a cell

A

mutation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

specialization of cells

A

differentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

expected outcome of a disease

A

prognosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

death

A

mortality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

quality of life

A

morbidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

tending to become worse and results in death

A

malignant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

non-cancerous but can still cause death depending on location

A

benign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

lining of external and internal body surfaces, epithelial tissue; skin, glands, digestive, urinary, reproductive

A

carcinomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

supportive and connective tissue; bone, adipose, muscle, cartilage

A

sarcomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

can contain both epithelial and supportive/connective tissue; kidney, ovaries, testes

A

mixed tissue tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

well diferentiated; closely resembles orginal tissue cells

A

grade 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

less differentiated ; still can determine parent cells

A

grade 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Even less differentiated - not functioning

A

Grade 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Anaplasia; difficult to determine Tumor tissue site of origin

A

Grade 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Very early ; cells localized to few cell layers

A

Stage 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Spread to deeper cell layers, infiltrate to surrounding tissues

A

Stage 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Infiltrated surrounding tissue ; contained in the primary cancer site

A

Stage 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Invasive to near by sites

A

Stage 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Metastases to other organs of the body via the blood stream or lymphatic system

A

Stage 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Maximal doses of ionizing radiation to Tumor cells

A

Radiation therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Drugs target rapidly dividing cells

A

Chemotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Using immune cells to target and fight Tumor cells

A

Biological agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Contraction of atrium

A

P. Wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Stimulus is delayed in the bundle of his to allow the atria enough time to pump all the blood in the ventricles

A

Pause after p wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Electrical stimulus passes trough the bundle of his - signal fibers divide into left and right bundle branches

A

Q wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Contraction of left ventricle

A

R wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Contraction of right ventricle

A

S wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

P-R interval

A

0.12-0.20 seconds or 3-5 small squares

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

QRS segment

A

Less than 0.12 or less than 3 small squares

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

60-100 Bpm, p wave rounded and same shape, p-r interval constant

A

Sinus rhythm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Less than 40-60 Bpm, regular rhythm

A

Sinus bradycardia

66
Q

Greater than 100-130 Bpm, regular rhythm

A

Sinus tachycardia

67
Q

Conduction from P to QRS delayed

A

1st degree heart block

68
Q

Delay from SA to AV and in some cases the impulse does not reach the ventricle

A

2nd degree heart block

69
Q

No impulse from AV getting through to the ventricles ; the ventricular contractions are firing independently

A

3rd degree heart block

70
Q

Impulses from the ventricle are over riding impulse from the SA node

A

Supra ventricular tachycardia

71
Q

SA node is firing too quickly and only a few impulses are making it through to the AV node to the ventricle

A

Atrial flutter

72
Q

Delay in conduction through the purkinje fibers

A

Bundle branch block

73
Q

Ventricle is shaking, no blood pumping ; HR 300-600

A

Ventricular fibrillation

74
Q

Guides to lawful behaviour

A

Legal standards

75
Q

Guides moral behaviour

A

Ethical standards

76
Q

Standard to which all medical staff must perform their tasks and duties

A

Standard of care

77
Q

Bad or faulty practice ; knowingly not adhering to standard of care with knowledge that this action will cause harm

A

Malpractice

78
Q

Failure to give expected care or meet job requirements

A

Negligence

79
Q

Deliberate and harmful to a person ; verbal sexual physical psychological

A

Abuse

80
Q

Failing to provide the necessities of life ; not intentional

A

Neglect

81
Q

Approaching or handling a person in a way that poses a threat to the person

A

Assault

82
Q

Extension of the threat through violent contact or forcible restraint

A

Battery

83
Q

Holding a person without just cause

A

False imprisonment

84
Q

Failure to preserve the privacy of a persons body

A

Invasion of privacy

85
Q

Damages the reputation of another person falsely and without good cause

A

Defamation of character

86
Q

Written statements

A

Libel

87
Q

Spoken statements

A

Slander

88
Q

Having free choice

A

Autonomy

89
Q

Doing or promoting good for someone

A

Beneficence

90
Q

Seeking to do no harm

A

Nonmaleficence

91
Q

Specialist in pharmacology

A

Pharmacologist

92
Q

Study of what drugs do in the body

A

Pharmacodynamics

93
Q

Study of what the body does to the drugs

A

Pharmacokinetics

94
Q

Study of how drugs are used to treat disease

A

Pharmacotherapeutics

95
Q

Process of breaking down

A

Metabolism

96
Q

Life threading situation

A

Acute

97
Q

Given before cs; based on clinical signs and symptoms

A

Empirical

98
Q

To maintain health in chronic conditions

A

Maintenance

99
Q

To reduce the symptoms or severity of a condition

A

Palliative

100
Q

To prevent a disease or condition

A

Prophylactic

101
Q

Provide a missing or limited chemical or enzyme in the body

A

Replacement

102
Q

To treat a secondary condition related to a disease or condition

A

Supportive

103
Q

To avoid deficiency

A

Supplement

104
Q

Chemical name or scientific name

A

Generic name

105
Q

Give to by pharmaceutical companies

A

Trade name

106
Q

Undesirable secondary effect which occurs in addition to the desired therapeutic effect of a drug

A

Side effect

107
Q

A harmful or abnormal result , can result in illness or death

A

Adverse effect

108
Q

Works better; increase the effect of one of the drugs

A

Potentiate

109
Q

Decrease the effect of a drug

A

Negate

110
Q

The combination of drugs will increase the effect of both of the drugs more than the effect of the individual drug

A

Synergistic

111
Q

What a patient feels, describes with words ; symptom

A

Subjective

112
Q

Physiological quantities indebted directly

A

Objective

113
Q

Glandular organ near the heart - where the T cells learn their job

A

Thymus

114
Q

Blood producing tissue located inside certain bones

A

Bone marrow

115
Q

Serves as a filter for the blood ; removes old and damaged red blood cells

A

Spleen

116
Q

Small organs that filter out dead cells, antigens and other stuff to present to lymphocytes

A

Lymph nodes

117
Q

Collect fluid that has leaked out from the blood into the tissues and returns to circulation

A

Lymphatic vessels

118
Q

Blood infection

A

Septeciema

119
Q

Most abundant type of leukocyte ; float in blood stream and become phagocytic when they encounter infectious material

A

Neutrophils

120
Q

Leukocytes that are weakly phagocytic ; defend against parasitic worms

A

Eosinophils

121
Q

Allergic reactions and inflammation ; the rarest of leukocytes

A

Basophils

122
Q

Lyse and kill the cancer cells and virus which infect the body cells before the adaptive immune system is activated

A

Natural killer cells

123
Q

Enter the infected cell and stimulates the synthesis of proteins that interfere with viral replication

A

Interferons

124
Q

Group of plasma proteins that circulate in the blood in an inactive state
- drill holes in cell membranes

A

Complement

125
Q

Response to a Chemical called pyrogen

A

Fever

126
Q

Circulate in the blood in the gamma globulin part of the blood proteins

A

Antibodies

127
Q

Attaches to antigen and the MHC

Stimulates the bone marrow to increase WBC

A

Helper T cells

128
Q

Able to move in and out of blood and lymph to attack birdies and cancer cells which have the antigen market they have been sensitized to (die off in process)

A

Cytotoxic T cells (tc)

129
Q

Remember antigen for next exposure

A

Memory T cells

130
Q

Chemical that increase T and B cell production

A

Cytokines

131
Q

Use their endoplasmic reticulum to create and secrete antibodies for the targeted antigen from the receptor antigen combination

A

Plasma B cells

132
Q

Lie dormant but retain knowledge of how to make antibodies for the specific antigen

A

Memory B cells

133
Q

Cross link soluble molecules in bacteria together making it easier for phagocytes to engulf them

A

Precipitation

134
Q

Antibodies bind to bacteria cells and trigger the complements to fix to the cell surface and cause cell lysis

A

Lysis

135
Q

They cross link more than one antigen into clumps enhancing phagocytosis

A

Agglutination

136
Q

Block specific sites on virus or bacterial exotoxins

A

Neutralization

137
Q

Contact with injection

A

Natural acquired active immunity

138
Q

Immunization

A

Artificial acquired active immunity

139
Q

Mother to child

A

Naturally acquired passive immunity

140
Q

Injection of gamma globulin

A

Artificial acquired passive immunity

141
Q

Foreign substance in the body

A

Antigen

142
Q

Foreign substance in the body that is too small to start an immune reaction

A

Hapten

143
Q

PRN

A

Per request

144
Q

Q4H

A

Every 4 hours

145
Q

Stat

A

ASAP

146
Q

Pc

A

After meals

147
Q

BID

A

Twice a day

148
Q

Ac

A

Before meals

149
Q

Po

A

By mouth

150
Q

QID

A

4 times a day

151
Q

Hs

A

Hour of sleep

152
Q

TID

A

3 times a day

153
Q

QIH

A

Every hour

154
Q

Sc

A

Subcutaneous

155
Q

IM

A

Intramuscular

156
Q

IV

A

Intravenous

157
Q

OD

A

Once a day

158
Q

Primarily recognizes bacteria, viruses and toxins. It can also activate complements

A

IgG

159
Q

Found in secretions of the body such as breast milk, sweat, tears, salvia and mucous. It prevents pathogens from entering the body

A

IgA

160
Q

Very large immunoglobulin and primarily binds to antigens on food, bacteria or incompatible blood cells. It can also activate complements

A

IgM

161
Q

Found wherever IgA is located. It is involved in triggering allergic reactions

A

IgE

Health Care (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions