Gr.11 T4 Chemistry Flashcards
What is an acid according to the Arrhenius model?
Won’t need to spell
Ionises in water to produce the hydrogen ion
What is a base according to the Arrhenius model?
Ionises in water to produce the hydroxide ion
What is an acid according to the Bronsted-Lowry model?
A proton donor
What is an a base according to the Bronsted-Lowry model?
A proton acceptor
Ampholytes
A substance that can act as an acid or base
Learn common acids and bases on p.242
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What are the 4 types of reactions of acids and bases?
Acid+metal ➡️ salt+hydrogen (electron transfer - redox rection)
Acid+metal hydroxide ➡️ salt+water (neutralisation)
Acid+metal oxide ➡️ salt+water
Acid+metal carbonate ➡️ salt+water+carbon dioxide
What are the properties of acids and bases?
Acids:
Taste sour.
Their aqueous solutions conduct electricity (called electrolytes)
React with certain metals to produce hydrogen gas
CO2 produced when acids react with limestone
Bases:
Taste bitter
Solutions of alkalis, bases that are soluble in water, conduct electricity (called electrolytes)
Generally feel slippery/ soapy
What is the colour of red litmus in an acid, base and neutral substance?
Acid: red
Base: blue
Neutral: red
What is the colour of blue litmus in an acid, base and neutral substance?
Acid: red
Base: blue
Neutral: blue
What is the colour of phenolphthalein in an acid, base and neutral substance?
Acid: colourless
Base: pink
Neutral: colourless
What is the colour of bromothymol blue in an acid, base and neutral substance?
Acid: yellow
Base: blue
Neutral: light green
What is the colour of methyl orange in an acid, base and neutral substance?
Acid: red
Base: orange
Neutral: orange
Indicators
Organic substances that change colour in acids and bases.
What is universal indicator?
A mixture of dyes that can change into many different colours. (Shows the full range of pH colours)
Titation
A process used to neutralise an acid or base and to determine the concentration of an unknown solution.
Oxidation
A loss in electrons
Reduction
A gain in electrons
Oxidation number/ oxidation state
A number assigned to each atom to keep track of electrons during a reaction
Give one exception to oxygen having an oxidation state of -2 (the only one I need to know)
H O
2 2
Oxygen has an oxidation state of -1
What is a reducing agent?
A substance that causes reduction but it itself is oxidised
What is an oxidising agent?
A substance that causes oxidation but it itself is reduced
What is a redox reaction?
The transfer of electrons
When does a hydrogen ion have an oxidation state of +1 and when does it have an oxidation state of -1?
+1 when bonded to non-metals
-1 when bonded to metals