Gr.10 T4 Chemistry Flashcards
What is the difference between ionic compounds and acids dissolving in water?
Ionic compounds dissociate in water
Acids ionise in water
What is the force between ions and water molecules called?
Ion-dipole force
Name the two forces in molecules (you know what I mean😉)
Intermolecular forces and electrostatic forces
What is dissolving?
The process of a solid ionic crystal breaking down into its ions
What is hydration?
The process where water molecules now surround the positive and negative ions of a once ionic compound
What is an electrolyte?
A liquid solution with positive and negative ions that are free to move. The ions carry charge, making the liquid able to conduct electricity.
What does a solution consist of?
Solute (minority) in a solvent (majority)
What solutes does hard water have dissolved in it?
Calcium and magnesium ions
What is a precipitation reaction?
When a combination of ions forms an insoluble salt
What colour is Al(OH) ?
3
White
What colour is Cu(OH) ?
2
Blue
What colour is Fe OH
2
Green
What colour is Pb I
2
Yellow
AgNO (aq) is added to an unknown.
3
A white precipitate forms that is
insoluble in an acid.
What is the unknown?It contains chloride ions.
AgNO (aq) is added to an
3
unknown. A cream precipitate forms that is
insoluble in an acid.
What is in the unknown?It contains bromide ions
AgNO (aq) is added to an
3
unknown. A yellow precipitate forms that is insoluble in an acid. What is in the unknown?
It contains iodide ions
Ba(NO ) (aq) is added to
3 2
an unknown. A white precipitate forms that is insoluble in an acid. What is in the unknown?
It contains sulphate
Ba(NO ) (aq) is added to
3 2
an unknown. A white precipitate forms that is soluble in an acid and releases a gas. What is in the unknown?
It contains carbonate ions
Name the 4 types of chemical reactions and briefly describe them.
Precipitation: insoluble salt
Gas-forming reaction: gas comes off
Acid-base reaction: transfer of protons
Redox reaction: transfer of electrons
What precipitate does an unknown with chloride ions form when added to sliver nitrate solution?
A white precipitate that is insoluble in acid.
What precipitate does an unknown with bromide ions form when added to sliver nitrate solution?
A cream precipitate that is insoluble in acid.
What precipitate does an unknown with iodide ions form when added to sliver nitrate solution?
A yellow precipitate that is insoluble in acid.
What precipitate does an unknown with sulphate ions form when added to barium nitrate solution?
A white precipitate that is insoluble in acid.
What precipitate does an unknown with carbonate ions form when added to barium nitrate solution?
A white precipitate that is soluble in acid.
The reaction also releases a gas
Name 3 properties of acids
Have a sour taste.
Cause colour changes in plant dyes.
React with certain metals like zinc, magnesium and iron to produce hydrogen gas.
React with carbonates and hydrogen carbonates to produce carbon dioxide gas.
Aqueous solutions of acids conduct electricity.
Name 3 properties of bases
Have a bitter taste
Feel slippery
Cause colour changes in plant dyes
Aqueous solutions conduct electricity (called alkalis)
What colour does Methyl orange go in an acid/ base?
Acid: orange
Base: yellow
What colour does Bromothymol blue go in an acid/ base?
Acid: yellow
Base: blue
What colour does litmus go in an acid/ base?
Acid: red
Base: blue
What colour does Phenolphthalein go in an acid/ base?
Acid: colourless
Base: pink
What are acids?
Ionise in water to produce H+ ions
What are bases?
Ionise in water to produce OH- ions
What is a pH?
A measure of the acidity of a substance.
Acid+base=
Salt+water
Acid+metal oxide=
Salt+water
Acid+metal carbonate=
Salt+water+carbon dioxide
Acid+metal=
Salt+hydrogen
What is a redox reaction?
Involves electron transfer
In redox reactions, what do oxidation and reduction refer to?
Oxidation: neutral atom forms positive ion(s) and electron(s).
Reduction: positive ion(s) and electron(s) form a neutral atom
What are the 3 types of redox reactions?
Hydrogen displacement
Metal displacement
Halogen displacement
What is the relative atomic mass of an element?
A value that compares the mass of one atom of that element with the mass of one atom of carbon-12
Is the relative molecular mass (M) of a molecule?
The sum of atomic masses of all atoms in that compound. It’s compares mass of a formula unit with mass of a carbon – 12 atom
What is an empirical formula?
The simplest mole ratio of the elements making up a compound
What is a molecular formula?
It shows the actual number of atoms of each element present in a molecule
What are hydrated salts?
Crystals with water molecules attached to them
What is concentration?
The amount of solute present in a given quantity of solvent. (mol per litre)
What is molarity/molar concentration?
The number of moles of solute in 1 L of solvent
What is a standard solution?
A solution of which the concentration is known exactly
What do you call a flask with an exact volume?
A volumetric flask
What does STP stand for?
Standard temperature pressure
