Gr. 8 Unit 3 Flashcards
5 civilizations of Antiquity
persian empire
roman empire
ancient greece
ancient china
mayan civilaztion
Peninsula
A piece of land almost entirely surrounded by water/projecting out into the body water. (ex.florida)
island
A piece of land completely surrounded by water (madagascar)
Seafaring
A person who regularly travels by the sea (sailor,Nautical)
Mountain Valleys
A long narrow region of land betwwn ranges of mountains often having a river or stream. (low point between mounatins)
A polis
city-state
What is a city-state made out of
Acropolis, agora, villages, farmland, orchards.
Citizenship
They could vote, own property, hold public office, speak for themselves in court, their duties are to particpate in gov and defend their polis.
(slaves women and children could not be citizens)
Athens vs Sparta
Athens was a democratic state where education, art, and philosophy was valued. Sparta was a military state where strength, size, and fighting capabilities were most important.
Aristocrats, helots and perioeci
Arist- richpeople (upperclass)
Helots- Enslaved people that were owned by city-states (not citizens
Peri- they werent enslaved but they werent citizens (merchants and artisans) Hel and peri had to give a percentage of their crops to the arist
Cons of sparta
They wouldnt change their way of life, relied strongly on slaves
decline of city states
Constant war divided the Greek city-states into shifting alliances; it was also very costly to all the citizens. Eventually the Empire became a dictatorship and the people were less involved in government. There was increasing tension and conflict between the ruling aristocracy and the poorer classes.
made it difficult to unite against a common enemy like Rome.
delian league
The Delian League definition refers to an alliance led by Athens that brought together several Greek city-states to challenge the Persian rule of eastern Greek colonies.
Athens gained lots of power and it basically became their empire
Why did city-states in the Delian League revolt against Athens? They resented not having a say in the government.
Ptolemy
Placed earth at the center of the galaxy
Aristachus
Estimated the size of the sun
Hypatia
First recorded female mathematician
Euclid
The methods and rules of geometry
Eratosthenes
Estimated the circumference and the distance around the world
Archimedes
Explained law of the lever and developed the compound pulley
Why do we learn about these people in S.S
To know where these things came from. To honor them. To see what skills these people had.
Greek mythology creation story
Nothing at the beginning
Beginning (shes)
gods and goddesses
Woman first
Water comes later
Tarturus
Explanation for light water sky
A he’ll type thing breathing into existing
Bible creation story
In the beginning was the word
One God
Man first
Animals
Mortals
What oceans surround Greece
Aegean sea I’m between Greece and turkey
Ionia on the west
And Mediterranean on the south
With the sea of Crete in-between Crete and greece
Judaism
1800 Bce
Father Abraham
Torah
One God
All people are created in God’s imagination
Equality and fairness
Peace
There is a covenant between Jewish people and God
Jewish laws
Buddhism
5th century bce
Siddhartha gautama
Tripitaka [three baskets]
Enlighten yourself to reach nirvana
Elimination of greed hatred and ignorance
Human life is for suffering
Karma
