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GP Flashcards

1
Q

What is telangiectasia

A

small dilated blood vessels near the surface, commonly in mucous membranes

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2
Q

MO in impetigo?

A

staph aureus

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3
Q

Tx of impetigo?

A

Localised disease:
• 1st line - topical fusidic acid

Extensive:
Oral fluclox. Erythromycin if allergic.

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4
Q

Describe rash of impetigo

A

Yellow brown crusts which may be bulbous.

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5
Q

pathogen of cellulitis? Tx??

A

Group A strep or staph aureus

amox or iv co-amox

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6
Q

Patho of chickenpox

A

Varciella Zoster Virus

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7
Q

Tx of chickenpox?

A

• Trim nails
• Calamine lotion
IV aciclovir if immunocompromised

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8
Q

Complications of chickenpox?

A

• Pneumonia
• Encephalitis
Disseminated haemorrhagic chickenpox

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9
Q

Diagnosis of eczema?

A 
Itchy skin condition in last 12 mths and 3+ of:
	• Onset below age 2
	• History of flexural involvement
	• History of generally dry skin
	• Personal history of atopy
Visible flexural dermatitis
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10
Q

Tx of eczema?

A

First line:
• Emollients
• Steroids
• Antihistamines

Second line:
UV radiation

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11
Q

Name topical steroids mild, moderate, potent and v potent

A

• Mild - Hydrocortisone 0.5-2.5%
• Moderate - betamethasone 0.025%
• Potent - Betamethasone 0.1%
Very potent - Dermovate 0.05%

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12
Q

what are the 2 types of contact dermatitis

A

• Irritant contact dermatitis - non allergic reaction due to weak acids or alkalis. Eythema.
• Allergic Contact dermatitis:
type 4 hypersensitivity.

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13
Q

Patho of psoriasis

A

Patho:
• Excess Keratinocyte proliferation in epidermis
Can be worsened by environmental stressors

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14
Q

S&S of psoriasis

A

• Extensor distribution
Erythromatous, scaly patches

• Psoriatic arthropathy
	• Nail signs - pitting, onycholysis (separation of nail from nailbed)
	• Systemic complications:
		○ CVS disease
		○ HTN
		○ Venous thromboembolism
UC and Crohns
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15
Q

What is guttate psoriasis, epid and tx?

A 
Psoriasis - Guttate:
	• More common in children and adolescents
	• Precipitated by strep infection
	• Tear drop papules on trunk and limbs
	• Tx:
		○ Self resolving most cases
Psoriasis Tx
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16
Q

Tx of psoriasis

A

emolients + betamethasone + calcitriol

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17
Q

What types of HSV cause what?

A

• HSV-1 - oral lesions

HSV-2 - genital herpes

18
Q

Complication of HSV?

A

Herpes Simplex Encephalitis

19
Q

Tx of HSV

A

• Cold sores - topical aciclovir

Genital sores and gingivistomatitis- Oral aciclovir

20
Q

S&S of herpes simplex encephalitis, investigations, and Tx

A 
• Affects Temporal lobe
	• S&S:
		○ Fever, headache, vomiting
		○ CNS signs eg aphasia
	• HSV-1 most likely responsible
	• Investigations:
		○ CSF + PCR for HSV
		○ MRI scan
Tx - IV aciclovir
21
Q

S&S of shingles

A

• Acute, unilateral painful blistering rash

Dermatomal distribution

22
Q

Tx of shingles

A

• Aciclovir
• Prevention - Shingles vaccine:
Live attenuated vaccine therefore immunosuppressed are contra.

23
Q

Tx for sinusitis?

A

Abx not effective.

Steroid nasal sprays

24
Q

Causes of CKD

A 
Causes:
	• Diabetes
	• Chronic glumerulonephritis
	• HTN
Adult Polycystic kidney disease
25
Q

Systemic results of CKD?

A 
Systemic results:
	• Bone problems due to Vit D:
		○ Osteomalacia
		○ Osteitis fibrosa cystica
		○ Osteoporosis
	• Anaemia due to: 
		a. Erythropoietin
		b. Reduced red cell survival
		c. Reduced iron absorption
Hyperkalaemia
26
Q

Contraindications due to CKD?

A

LMN:
• L - Lithium
• M - Metformin
N - NSAIDs and Nitrofurantoin

27
Q

Tx of CKD

A

• Treat any underlying causes
• ACEi
• Anemia - Erythropoietin
• Hypocalcaemia - Calcium, Vit D analogues
• Hyperkalemia - Furosemide
Consider Haemodialysis or renal transplant

28
Q

RFs of adhesive capsulitis?

A

DM

29
Q

S&S of adhesive capsulitits

A

• External rotation most affected
• Both passive and active movements affected
• 3 phases - Painful freezing phase –> adhesive phase –> recovery phase
Can be bilateral

30
Q

Tx of adhesive capsulitis

A

Tx:
• NSAIDs
• Physio
Intra articular steroids

31
Q

Which vaccines are live attenuated? Why need to know?

A

• BCG
• MMR
• Flu
Polio

Risk to immunocompromised

32
Q

Diagnosis of DM?

A

• Fasting glucose >7mmol/l

Random glucose >11.1 mmol/l

33
Q

Tx of DM?

A 
1st line - dietary advice
2nd line - metformin
3rd line - Metformin + 1 of GaSPS
4th line - + another of GaSPS
5th line - Metformin + sulfonylureas + GLP-1 mimetic OR insulin
Diabetic GaSPS
G - Gliptin
S - sulfonylureas
P - Pioglitazone
S - SGLT2 inhibitor
34
Q

Headache red flags

A 
• Immunocompromised
	• Age <20 and malignancy history
	• Vomiting with no other cause
	• Worsening headache with fever
	• Sudden onset headache with peak intensity within 5 mins
	• Impaired consciousness
Neuro or cognitive deficit
35
Q

Ix for tired all the time

A

• TFTs - thyroid
• FBC - anaemia and WCC
• HbA1c for diabetes
Full history and assess meds

36
Q

Physical triggers for tired all the time

A 
• Diabetes
	• Anaemia
	• Asthma
	• Arthritis
	• Thyroid
	• Alcohol/drugs
Infections
37
Q

Physical problems for sleep trouble

A

• Overweight
• HF
• Sleep apnoea
Narcolepsy

38
Q

Tx for sleep trouble

A

• Supportive therapy
• Sleep hygiene education
Last resort - Zopiclone for ST use only

39
Q

Give ABCD2 scoring system. used for?

A

TIA

A - Age > 60 = 1
B - Blood pressure >140/90 = 1
C - Clinical features speech disturbed no weak = 1
      Unilateral weakness = 2
D - Duration <60 = 1
      >60 mins = 2
D - Diabetes = 1
40
Q

Tx according to ABCD2 score?

A

4+ = aspirin 300mg + specialist referral 24 hrs

3 or less = Specialist referral 1 wk + brain imaging

Z IPE (15 decks)

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