governance and its relevance in disaster impact and vulnerability Flashcards
what is governance? (simple)
the management of collective affairs, and relates to the political (spatial) organization of society.
how governments and organisations work together in a country to make decisions to move forward (e.g. the economy, hazard management)
what is governance? (complex)
* what kind of process
* What kind of interests
*formal/informal
the many ways individuals and institutions (public and private) manage their common affairs.
it’s a continuing process through which conflicting or diverse interests may be accommodated and cooperative action may be taken.
it includes formal institutions and regimes to enforce compliance
it includes informal arrangments that people have either agreed to or perceive to be in their interest
what is administrative governance?
implements the policies
required good governance at the local and central level
e.g. disaster risk reduction: enforcement of building codes, land use planning, environmental risk, human vulnerability monitoring and safety standards
what is economic governance?
the decision-making process that affects the country’s economic activities and relationships with other economies
has major implications on equity, poverty and quality of life.
what is political governance?
process of decision-making to create policies (e.g. national disaster reduction and planning)
the way it brings together the state, non-state and private sector players and stakeholders determines the quality of these policies
what is poor political governance linked to and what increases what?
population density
geographic isolation and accessibility
degree of urbanisation
- increases vulnerability
what is the risk-poverty nexus?
a model that includes the risk and vulnerability of a population which may be impacted by global processes and underlying mix drivers
what are some global processes?
uneven economic and territorial development
rising social and economic inequality
collapsing planetary systems and climate change
what are some underlying mix drivers?
increasing hazard exposure of populations and economic assets
lack of accountability
limited social cohesion
badly planned and managed urban development
vulnerable rural livelihoods
declining ecosystems
weak social protection
what are some extensive and intensive risks?
exposure of vulnerable people and assets to frequent low-severity hazards and infrequent high-intensity hazards
what comes with disaster loss?
mortality, building damage, local infrastructure, morbidity, livestock and crops
what are the poverty outcomes?
short and long-term effects on income, consumption, welfare and equality
what is multidimensional poverty?
economic poverty, powerlessness, exclusion, illiteracy, discrimination, limited access to opportunity and access and mobilise assets
what are some everyday risks?
food insecurity, crime, disease, pollution, accidents, lack of sanitation and clean water
what is the Swiss cheese model?
used in risk analysis and risk management
The layers of cheese are the barriers that are meant to prevent the disaster that unfolded, each slice is anything that prevents the disaster. The holes in the layers are the weak spots, the holes or gaps that allow ‘mistakes’ to be made.
Individually, these mistakes may not be an issue.
Collectively, when all the holes are aligned, disasters occur.
Also known as the cumulative act effect model.
(you want lots of slices with smaller and fewer holes)
