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GI diseases > GORD and gall bladdrt > Flashcards

GORD and gall bladdrt Flashcards

1
Q

which muscles contract during no eating

A

two sphincters

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2
Q

when does the lower oesophageal sphincter relax

A

swallowing

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3
Q

pre disposing factors for GORD

A

obesity
sclerosis
hiatus hernia

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4
Q

symptoms of GORD

A

heartburn
cough
nocturnal asthma

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5
Q

when to give an OGD

A

over 55 with alarm symptoms

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6
Q

alarm symptoms which equire ODG

A

weight loss, dysphagia, haematemesis, anaemia

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7
Q

difference between magnesium and aluminium antacids

A

Magnesium-containing antacids cause diarrhoea aluminium-containing may cause constipation

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8
Q

how do dopamine antagonist prokinetic agents help

A

speed peristalsis

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9
Q

examples of dopamine antagonist prokinetic agents

A

metoclopramide

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10
Q

H2-receptor antagonists examples

A

cimetidine, ranitidine

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11
Q

PPI reduce

A

gastric acid secretion

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12
Q

what can barrets turn into

A

oesophageal adenocarcinoma

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13
Q

most common type of gall stone

A

cholesterol

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14
Q

what is cholesterol held by so it cant cause stones

A

bile salts

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15
Q

bile salt + cholesterol =

A

micelles

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16
Q

gall stones risk factors

A

age, female, family history
Obesity metabolic syndrome
Rapid weight loss, Ileal disease or resection, Multiparity
Diet, Diabetes mellitus, octreotide, Liver cirrhosis

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17
Q

why does ileal disease cause gall stones

A

bile salt loss

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18
Q

other type of gall stone

A

pigment stone

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19
Q

whats in pigment stones

A

bilirubin polymers and calcium bilirubinate

20
Q

which people get pigment stones

A

people with chronic haemolysis

21
Q

what is biliary pain

A

pain associated with the temporary obstruction of the cystic duct or CBD

22
Q

where might gall stone pain radiate

A

right shoulder and the right subscapular region

23
Q

other symptom with gall stones

A

vomitting

24
Q

what serum levels are high in gall stones

A

ALP

billirubin

25
Q

inflammation of the gall bladder

A

cholecystitis

26
Q

what happens to get cholecystitis

A

impaction of a stone in the cystic duct or neck of

the gall bladder

27
Q

acalculous cholecystitis

A

cholecystitis without a stone

28
Q

sign with cholecystitis

A

murphys

29
Q

what is murphys sign

A

more pain on inspiration

30
Q

what scan to do for cholecystitis

A

US

31
Q

what will an US show for cholecystitis

A

thickened walls and distended

32
Q

management of cholecystitis

A

nil by mouth, intravenous fluids, pain

relief and intravenous antibiotics

33
Q

what antibiotic might you give for cholecystitis

A

cefotaxime

34
Q

when might the gall bladder appear small and shrunken

A

chronic cholecystitis

35
Q

what will you be intollerant to with cholecystitis

A

fatty food

36
Q

Acute cholangitis

A

infection of the biliary tree

37
Q

Acute cholangitis symptoms

A

fever, jaundice and right upper quadrant pain
rigors
dark urine, pale stool, itchy skin

38
Q

investigations for Acute cholangitis

A 
WWC
Blood cultures are positive
Liver biochemistry 
US 
MRCP can further assess the site and cause of obstruction
ERCP
39
Q

WCC for Acute cholangitis

A

leucocytosis

40
Q

Acute cholangitis liver biochem

A

raised serum bilirubin and and alkaline phosphatase.

41
Q

Acute cholangitis US shows

A

dilated CBD

42
Q

Acute cholangitis ERCP is an investigation but can also

A

allow biliary drainage

43
Q

Acute cholangitis antibiotic

A

third-generation cephalosporin

44
Q

third-generation cephalosporin example

A

cefotaxime

45
Q

choledocholithiasis

A

Common bile duct stones

GI diseases (15 decks)

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