Good fungi Flashcards
Give 4 nutritional facts about fungi
low in fat/cholesterol, high in protein, high in minerals/vitamins, good source of fibre
Describe yeast growth
single-celled, asexual growth through budding or sexual reproduction through spores
give the two pathways for yeast to produce ATP from sugars
by respiration and fermentation
Give an advantage and disadvantage of yeast respiration
produces (14x) more energy than fermentation but requires oxygen
Give the products of yeast fermentation and respiration
fermentation produces ethanol and CO2, respiration just produces CO2
Describe the process of making yeast extract
add salt and heat to suspension of yeast cells, yeast cells die and break up and their digestive enzymes break into smaller molecules (amino acids, peptides, ect)
How are mycoproteins produced (for quorn)
the fermentation of glucose
Give the role of Penicillium camemberti and P. roqueforti
theyre added to substrate in cheese-making process, and either grow on the surface or penetrates into the cheese, giving it a unique flavour and texture.
Give the role of Botrytis cinerea (A) / the ‘nobel rot’
spores sprayed onto grapes, which then dessicate, concentrating the sugars for use in sweet dessert wines.
Which type of fungi are magic mushrooms?
all basidiomycota
Give the two active ingredients of magic mushrooms
psilocybin (similar to serotonin - competes for receptors) and psilocin
Describe nematophagous fungi as a biopesticide
fungi specifically targets the eggs/cysts of nematodes which attack the roots of crop plants.
Describe how fungi can be used in the decontamination of an environment
some fungi are able to break down heavy metals, organic pollutants (wood-decay fungi), pesticides, dyes, etc.
Describe the importance of fungi in industrial enzyme production
50% of industrial enzymes are produced by fungi (proteases, lipases, amylases, etc).
How are fungi useful for medicine?
antibiotics were developed by fungi in defence of bacteria, fungi also produce penicillin for anti-cancer drugs, anti-fungal drugs, immuno-suppressant drugs, etc.
