Goniometry Flashcards
Goniometry: Hip flexion
SP: Supine
F: Greater trochanter
SA: Midline of pelvis
MA: Midline of femur/Lateral femoral condyle
Goniometry: Hip extension
SP: Prone; knee straight
F: Greater trochanter
SA: Midline of pelvis
MA: Midline of femur/Lateral femoral condyle
Goniometry: Hip abduction
SP: Supine
F: ASIS S
A: Parallel line between ASIS
MA: Midline of femur/Patella
Goniometry: Hip adduction
SP: Supine; abd other leg
F: ASIS
SA: Parallel line between ASIS
MA: Midline of femur/Patella
Goniometry: Hip Internal rotation
SP: Seated; femur parallel Bring foot out
F: Patella
SA: Perpendicular to floor
MA: Midline of tibia/Between malleoli
Goniometry: Hip External rotation
SP: Seated; femur parallel Bring foot in
F: Patella
SA: Perpendicular to floor
MA: Midline of tibia/Between malleoli
Goniometry: Knee flexion
SP: Supine; flex hip so femur is vertical
F: Lateral femoral condyle
SA: Proximal midline of femur/Greater trochanter
MA: Lateral midline of fibula/Lateral malleolus
Goniometry: Knee extension
SP: Supine/Towel under ankle
F: Lateral femoral condyle
SA: Proximal midline of femur/Greater trochanter
MA: Lateral midline of fibula/Lateral malleolus
Goniometry: Talocrural dorsiflexion
SP: Seated; knee at 90
F: Lateral malleolus
SA: Midline of lateral leg/Fibula (head)
MA: Parallel to midline of 5th MT
Goniometry: Talocrural plantarflexion
SP: Seated; knee at 90
F: Lateral malleolus
SA: Midline of lateral leg/Fibula (head)
MA: Parallel to midline of 5th MT
Goniometry: Tarsal inversion (“Toes up and in”)
SP: Seated; knee at 90
F: Anterior ankle between malleoli
SA: Midline of anterior tibia
MA: 2nd MT
Goniometry: Tarsal eversion (“Toes down and out”)
SP: Seated; knee at 90
F: Anterior ankle between malleoli
SA: Midline of anterior tibia
MA: 2nd MT
Goniometry: Subtalar inversion
SP: Prone
F: Between malleoli/On Achilles tendon
SA: Midline of calf
MA: Midline of calcaneus
Goniometry: Subtalar eversion
SP: Prone
F: Between malleoli/On Achilles tendon
SA: Midline of calf
MA: Midline of calcaneus
Goniometry: MTP joint flexion
SP: Seated; knee at 90
F: Over MTP joint
SA: 1st MT
MA: Proximal phalanx
Goniometry: MTP joint extension
SP: Seated; knee at 90
F: Over MTP joint
SA: 1st MT
MA: Proximal phalanx
Goniometry: Throaclumbar Flexion
SP: Standing; use tape measure; measuring difference
F: n/a
SA: C7 (top)
MA: S1 or S2 – PSIS (base)
Goniometry: Throaclumbar Extension
SP: Standing; use tape measure; measuring difference
F: n/a
SA: C7 (top)
MA: S1 or S2 – PSIS (base)
Goniometry: Throaclumbar Lateral flexion
SP: Standing (watch for rotation)
F: S1 or S2
SA: Perpendicular to floor
MA: C7
Goniometry: Throaclumbar Rotation
SP: Seated; feet on floor; arms across chest; sitting tall
F: Center of head
SA: Line through ASIS
MA: Line through acromion
Goniometry: Lumbar Flexion
SP: Standing; use tape measure; measuring difference
F: n/a
SA: 15 cm above S2/at L1
MA: S2 (base)
Goniometry: Lumbar Extension
SP: Standing; use tape measure; measuring difference
F: n/a
SA: 15 cm above S2/at L1
MA: S2 (base)
Goniometry: Shoulder Flexion
SP: Supine
F: Greater tubercle or Acromial progress
SA: Parallel to midline of thorax
MA: Midline of humerus/Lateral epicondyle
Goniometry: Shoulder Extension
SP: Prone
F: Greater tubercle or Acromion process
SA: Parallel to midline of thorax
MA: Midline of humerus/lateral epicondyle
Goniometry: Shoulder Abduction
SP: Supine
F: Acromion process
SA: Parallel to midline of sternum
MA: Midline of humerus
Goniometry: Shoulder Internal rotation
SP: Supine; shld/elbow 90
F: Olecranon process
SA: Perpendicular to the floor
MA: Ulna (ulnar styloid)
Goniometry: Shoulder External rotation
SP: Supine; shld/elbow 90
F: Olecranon process
SA: Perpendicular to the floor
MA: Ulna (ulnar styloid)
Goniometry: Elbow Flexion
SP: Supine with towel
F: Lateral epicondyle
SA: Midline of humerus
MA: Lateral midline of radius (radial styloid)
Goniometry: Elbow Extension
SP: Supine with towel
F: Lateral epicondyle
SA: Midline of humerus
MA: Lateral midline of radius (radial styloid)
Goniometry: Forearm Pronation
SP: Seated; elbow 90; neutral forearm
F: Laterally & proximally to ulnar styloid process
SA: Parallel to anterior midline of humerus
MA: Parallel to dorsal aspect of forearm
Goniometry: Forearm Supination
SP: Seated; elbow 90; neutral forearm
F: Medially & proximally to ulnar styloid process
SA: Parallel to humerus
MA: Parallel to palmar aspect of forearm
Goniometry: Wrist Flexion
SP: Seated; shld/elbow 90
F: Triquetrum
SA: Midline of ulna
MA: Midline of 5th MC
Goniometry: Wrist Extension
SP: Seated; shld/elbow 90
F: Triquetrum
SA: Midline of ulna
MA: Midline of 5th MC
Goniometry: Radial deviation
SP: Seated; shld/elbow 90
F: Over capitate
SA: Midline of forearm
MA: Midline of 3rd MC
Goniometry: Ulnar deviation
SP: Seated; shld/elbow 90
F: Over capitate
SA: Midline of forearm
MA: Midline of 3rd MC
Goniometry: MCP Flexion
SP: Neutral forearm
F: Top of knuckle; MCP joint
SA: Midline of metacarpal
MA: Midline of finger
Goniometry: MCP Extension
SP: Neutral forearm
F: Top of knuckle
SA: Midline of metacarpal
MA: Midline of finger
Goniometry: MCP Abduction
SP: Hand flat
F: Top of knuckle
SA: Midline of metacarpal
MA: Midline of finger
Goniometry: PIP Flexion
SP: Neutral forearm
F: Over PIP joint
SA: Midline of proximal phalanx
MA: Midline of middle phalanx
Goniometry: PIP Extension
SP: Neutral forearm
F: Over PIP joint
SA: Midline of proximal phalanx
MA: Midline of middle phalanx
Goniometry: DIP Flexion
SP: Neutral forearm
F: Over DIP joint
SA: Midline of middle phalanx
MA: Midline of distal phalanx
Goniometry: DIP Extension
SP: Neutral forearm
F: Over DIP joint
SA: Midline of middle phalanx
MA: Midline of distal phalanx
Goniometry: Thumb CMC Flexion
SP: Neutral hand
F: Over CMC joint
SA: Midline of radius
MA: Midline of metacarpal
Goniometry: Thumb CMC Extension
SP: Neutral hand
F: Over CMC joint
SA: Midline of radius
MA: Midline of metacarpal
Goniometry: Thumb CMC Abduction
SP: Neutral forearm
F: Radius styloid process
SA: Lateral midline of 2nd metacarpal
MA: Lateral midline of 1st MC
Goniometry: Thumb CMC Opposition
SP: Neutral hand
F: Measure from
SA: Tip of thumb
MA: Pinky crease
Goniometry: Thumb MCP Flexion
SP: n/a
F: Over MCP joint
SA: Midline of MC
MA: Midline of proximal phalanx
Goniometry: Thumb MCP Extension
SP: n/a
F: Over MCP joint
SA: Midline of MC
MA: Midline of proximal phalanx
Goniometry: Thumb IP Flexion
SP: n/a
F: Over IP joint
SA: Midline of proximal phalanx
MA: Midline of distal phalanx
Goniometry: Thumb IP Extension
SP: n/a
F: Over IP joint
SA: Midline of proximal phalanx
MA: Midline of distal phalanx
Goniometry: Cervical Flexion
SP: Seated
F: External auditory meatus
SA: Perpendicular to floor
MA: Base of nose
Goniometry: Cervical Extension
SP: Seated
F: External auditory meatus
SA: Perpendicular to floor
MA: Base of nose
Goniometry: Cervical Lateral flexion
SP: Seated
F: Spinous process of C7
SA: Perpendicular to ground or over thoracic spinous processes
MA: Midline of head or occipital protuberance
Goniometry: Cervical Rotation
SP: Seated
F: Center of head
SA: Line between acromion processes
MA: Tip of nose
