Definitions

Question 1

Active Insufficiency

Answer 1

Inability of a 2 joint mm to perform a concentric contraction over one joint when it is shortened over another

Question 2

Passive Insufficiency

Answer 2

Inability of a 2 joint muscle to lenghten over one joint when it is already lengthened over another

Question 3

Make Test

Answer 3

An evaluation process where a patient is asked to apply a force against resistance (dynamometer)

Question 4

Break Test

Answer 4

An evaluation process where a patient is asked to hold a contraction against pressure that is applied in the opposite direction to the contraction (MMT)

Question 5

Convex Concave Rule

Answer 5

CONVEX moving = OPPOSITE

CONCAVE moving = SAME

Question 6

Longitudinal Congenital Limb Deficiency

Answer 6

Reduction or absence of element(s) withing the long axis of the bone

Question 7

Transverse Congenital Limb Deficiency

Answer 7

Developed to a particular level beyond which no skeletal elements exist

Question 8

Glenohumeral Subluxation

Answer 8

> 50% of humeral head translation over the glenoid rim withouth dislocation

Question 9

Avulsion Fracture

Answer 9

Portion of bone becomes fragmented at the site of tendon attachment due to a traumatic and sudden stretch of the tendon

Question 10

Closed Fracture

Answer 10

Break in a bone where the skin over the site remains intact

Question 11

Comminuted Fracture

Answer 11

Bone that breaks into fragments at the site of injury

Question 12

Compound Fracture

Answer 12

Break in a bone that protrudes through the skin

Question 13

Greenstick Fracture

Answer 13

Break on one side of a bone that does not damage the periosteum on the oppostie side.

Bending fracture, often seen in children

Question 14

Nonunion Fracture

Answer 14

Break in a bone that has failed to unite and heal after 9-12 months

Question 15

Stress Fracture

Answer 15

Break in a bone due to repeated forces to a particular protion of the bone.

Question 16

Spiral Fracture

Answer 16

Break in bone due to torsion/twisting

Question 17

Bursitis

Answer 17

Condition casued by acure or chronic inflammation of the bursae which may limit ROM, cause pain and swelling

Question 18

Contusion

Answer 18

Sudden blow to a part of the body that can result in mild to severe damage to superficial and deep structures

Question 19

Edema

Answer 19

Increased volume of fluid in soft tissue outside of a joint capsule

Question 20

Effusion

Answer 20

Increased volume of fluid within a joint capsule

Question 21

Genu Valgum

Answer 21

Knock kneed; knee touch while standing with the feet a part

Question 22

Genu Varum

Answer 22

Bowleg; added space between the knees with the feet together

Question 23

Kyphosis

Answer 23

excessive curvature of the spine in a posterior direction

Question 24

Lordosis

Answer 24

Excessive curvature in an anterior direction

Question 25

Q Angle

Answer 25

Degres of angulation from ASIS through mid-patella to tibial tubercle Normal = 13-18 degrees

Question 26

Grade 1 Sprain

Answer 26

mild pain and swelling, little to not tear of the ligament

Question 27

Grade 2 Sprain

Answer 27

Moderate pain and swelling, minimal instabliity of the joint, min-moderate tearing of the ligament with decreased ROM

Question 28

Grade 3 Sprain

Answer 28

Severe pain and swelling, substantial joint instability, total tear of ligament, substantial decrease in ROM

Question 29

Strain vs. Sprain

Answer 29

Sprain = injury to ligament Strain = injury involving muscultotendinous unit (mm, tendon, and their attachment to bone)

Question 30

Grade 1 Strain

Answer 30

localized pain, minimal swelling and tenderness

Question 31

Grade 2 Strain

Answer 31

localized pain, moderate swelling and tenderness, and impaired motor function

Question 32

Grade 3 Sprain

Answer 32

Palpable defect of the mm, severe pain, poor motor function

Question 33

Tendonitis vs. Tendinosis

Answer 33

Tendonitis: inflammation of a tendon, acute Tendinosis: inflammation of a tendon, chronic