Gait

Question 1

Time spent in stance and swing phases of gait

Answer 1

Stance = 60%

Swing = 40%

Question 2

Standard Terminology for portions of gait (8)

Answer 2

Heel strike

Foot flat

Midstance

Heel off

Toe off

Acceleration

Midswing

Deceleration

Question 3

Rancho Los Amigos Terminology for portions of gait (8)

Answer 3

Initial contact

Loading response

Midstance

Terminal Stance

Pre-swing

Initial swing

Midswing

Terminal swing

Question 4

Peak Muscle Activity During Gait Cycle: Tibialis Anterior

Answer 4

Just after heel strike – responsible for eccentric lowering of foot in PF

Question 5

Peak Muscle Activity During Gait Cycle: Gastroc/Soleus

Answer 5

During late stance phase – responsible for concentric raising of heel during toe off

Question 6

Peak Muscle Activity During Gait Cycle: Quadriceps

Answer 6

1: During single support
2: During early stance just before toe off

Question 7

Peak Muscle Activity During Gait Cycle: Hamstrings

Answer 7

During late swing phase – responsible for decelerating unsupported limb

Question 8

ROM for Normal Gait: Hip Flexion

Answer 8

0-30 deg

Question 9

ROM for Normal Gait: Hip Extension

Answer 9

0-10 deg

Question 10

ROM for Normal Gait: Knee Flexion

Answer 10

0-60 deg

Question 11

ROM for Normal Gait: Knee Extension

Answer 11

0 deg

Question 12

ROM for Normal Gait: Ankle DF

Answer 12

0-10 deg

Question 13

ROM for Normal Gait: Ankle PF

Answer 13

0-20 deg

Question 14

Defn: Distance between left and right foot during progression of gait. Distnace decreases as cadence increases

Answer 14

Base of Support

Question 15

Defn: Number of steps an individual will walk over a period of time

Answer 15

Cadence

Question 16

Defn: Angle formed by each foot’s line of progression and a line intersecting the center of the heel and second toe

Answer 16

Degree of toe out

Question 17

Phase: Time spent in this phase increases as speed of gait decreases.

Answer 17

Double support

Question 18

Pelvic rotation occurs _________ the ________ in order to maintain ________ and regulate _________.

Answer 18

opposite, thorax, balance, speed

Question 19

Defn: Distance measured between right and left heel strike

Answer 19

Step Length

Question 20

Defn: Distance measured between right and right heel strike

Answer 20

Stride length

Question 21

Abnormal Gait Pattern: protective gait pattern where the involved step length is decreased in order to avoid WB on the involved side, usually secondary to pain

Answer 21

Antalgic

Question 22

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Pattern characterized by staggering and unsteadiness. Usually with a wide BOS and exaggerated movement

Answer 22

Ataxic

Question 23

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Staggering gait pattern

Answer 23

Cerebellar

Question 24

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Pattern characterized by a circular motion to advance the leg during swing phase to compensate for insufficient hip/knee flexion/DF

Answer 24

Circumduction

Question 25

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Gait pattern in which alternate steps are of a different length or at a different rate

Answer 25

Double step

Question 26

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Pattern characterized by high steps, usually involves excessive activity of gastrocs

Answer 26

Equine

Question 27

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Pattern where a patient walks on toes as though pushed. Starts slowly, increases, and may continue until the patients grasps an object in order to stop

Answer 27

Festinating

Question 28

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Pattern marked by increased forward flexion of the trunkan dknees, gait is shuffling with quick and small steps, festinating may occur

Answer 28

Parkinsonian

Question 29

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Pattern in which patients ABDucts the paralzyed limb, swing it around, and bring it forward so the foot comes to the ground in front of them

Answer 29

Hemiplegic

Question 30

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Pattern in which the legs cross midline upon advancement

Answer 30

Scissor

Question 31

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Pattern with stiff movement, toes seeming to catch and drag, legs held together, hip and knee joints slightly flexed

Answer 31

Spastic Commonly seen in spastic paraplegia

Question 32

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Pattern in which the feet and toes are lifted through hip and knee flexion to excessive ehgiths; usually secondary to DF weakeness. Foot will slap at initial contact with ground secondary to decreased control

Answer 32

Steppage

Question 33

Abnormal Gait Pattern: High stepping ataxic gait pattern in which the feet slap the ground

Answer 33

Tabetic

Question 34

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Pattern the dentoes gluteus medius weakness, excessive lateral turnk flexion, weight shifting over stanace leg

Answer 34

Trendelenburg

Question 35

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Pattern where the sing leg advances by compensating through a compensation of elevation of the pelvic and PF of the stance leg

Answer 35

Vaulting

Question 36

Cause of foot slap

Answer 36

Weak/paralyzed DF

Question 37

Cause of toe down over heel strike (4)

Answer 37

1. PF spasticity/contracture 2. DF weakness/paralysis 3. LLD 4. Hindfoot pain

Question 38

Cause of clawing of toes (2)

Answer 38

1. Toe flexor spasticity 2. Positive support reflex

Question 39

Cause of heel lift during midstance (2)

Answer 39

1. Lack of DF ROM 2. PF spasticity

Question 40

Abnormal Gait Pattern: No toe off (4)

Answer 40

1. Forefoot/toe pain 2. Weak PF 3. Lack of PF ROM 4. Weak toe flexors

Question 41

Cause of exaggerated knee flexion at contact (3)

Answer 41

1. Weak/paralyzed quadriceps 2. HS spasticity 3. Lack of extension ROM

Question 42

Cause of hyerextension in stance (2)

Answer 42

1. Weak quadriceps 2. PF contracture

Question 43

Cause of Exaggerated knee flexion at terminal stance (2)

Answer 43

1. Knee flexion contracture 2. Hip flexion contracture

Question 44

Cause of insufficient knee flexion with swing (4)

Answer 44

1. Knee effusion 2. Quadriceps extension spasticity 3. PF spasticity 4. Insufficient knee flexion ROM

Question 45

Cause of excessive knee flexion with swing (2)

Answer 45

1. flexor withdrawal reflex 2. lower extremitiy flexor synergy

Question 46

Cause of insufficient hip flexion at initial contact (3)

Answer 46

1. weak/paralyzed hip flexors 2. hip extensor spasticity 3. insufficient hip flexor ROM

Question 47

Cause of insufficient hip extension at stance (3)

Answer 47

1. Insufficient hip extension ROM 2. Hip flexor contracture 3. Lower extemity flexor synergy

Question 48

Cause of circumduction during gait (3)

Answer 48

1. weak hip flexors 2. weak DF 3. weak HS

Question 49

Cause of hip hiking during swing (3)

Answer 49

1. weak DF 2. weak knee flexors 3. extensor synergy pattern

Question 50

Cause of exaggerated hip flexion during swing (2)

Answer 50

1. lower extremity flexor synergy 2. insufficient DF ROM