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NPTE -- MSK > Gait > Flashcards

Gait Flashcards

1
Q

Time spent in stance and swing phases of gait

A

Stance = 60%

Swing = 40%

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2
Q

Standard Terminology for portions of gait (8)

A

Heel strike

Foot flat

Midstance

Heel off

Toe off

Acceleration

Midswing

Deceleration

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3
Q

Rancho Los Amigos Terminology for portions of gait (8)

A

Initial contact

Loading response

Midstance

Terminal Stance

Pre-swing

Initial swing

Midswing

Terminal swing

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4
Q

Peak Muscle Activity During Gait Cycle: Tibialis Anterior

A

Just after heel strike – responsible for eccentric lowering of foot in PF

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5
Q

Peak Muscle Activity During Gait Cycle: Gastroc/Soleus

A

During late stance phase – responsible for concentric raising of heel during toe off

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6
Q

Peak Muscle Activity During Gait Cycle: Quadriceps

A

1: During single support
2: During early stance just before toe off

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7
Q

Peak Muscle Activity During Gait Cycle: Hamstrings

A

During late swing phase – responsible for decelerating unsupported limb

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8
Q

ROM for Normal Gait: Hip Flexion

A

0-30 deg

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9
Q

ROM for Normal Gait: Hip Extension

A

0-10 deg

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10
Q

ROM for Normal Gait: Knee Flexion

A

0-60 deg

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11
Q

ROM for Normal Gait: Knee Extension

A

0 deg

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12
Q

ROM for Normal Gait: Ankle DF

A

0-10 deg

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13
Q

ROM for Normal Gait: Ankle PF

A

0-20 deg

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14
Q

Defn: Distance between left and right foot during progression of gait. Distnace decreases as cadence increases

A

Base of Support

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15
Q

Defn: Number of steps an individual will walk over a period of time

A

Cadence

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16
Q

Defn: Angle formed by each foot’s line of progression and a line intersecting the center of the heel and second toe

A

Degree of toe out

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17
Q

Phase: Time spent in this phase increases as speed of gait decreases.

A

Double support

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18
Q

Pelvic rotation occurs _________ the ________ in order to maintain ________ and regulate _________.

A

opposite, thorax, balance, speed

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19
Q

Defn: Distance measured between right and left heel strike

A

Step Length

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20
Q

Defn: Distance measured between right and right heel strike

A

Stride length

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21
Q

Abnormal Gait Pattern: protective gait pattern where the involved step length is decreased in order to avoid WB on the involved side, usually secondary to pain

A

Antalgic

22
Q

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Pattern characterized by staggering and unsteadiness. Usually with a wide BOS and exaggerated movement

A

Ataxic

23
Q

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Staggering gait pattern

A

Cerebellar

24
Q

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Pattern characterized by a circular motion to advance the leg during swing phase to compensate for insufficient hip/knee flexion/DF

A

Circumduction

25
Q

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Gait pattern in which alternate steps are of a different length or at a different rate

A

Double step

26
Q

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Pattern characterized by high steps, usually involves excessive activity of gastrocs

A

Equine

27
Q

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Pattern where a patient walks on toes as though pushed. Starts slowly, increases, and may continue until the patients grasps an object in order to stop

A

Festinating

28
Q

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Pattern marked by increased forward flexion of the trunkan dknees, gait is shuffling with quick and small steps, festinating may occur

A

Parkinsonian

29
Q

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Pattern in which patients ABDucts the paralzyed limb, swing it around, and bring it forward so the foot comes to the ground in front of them

A

Hemiplegic

30
Q

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Pattern in which the legs cross midline upon advancement

A

Scissor

31
Q

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Pattern with stiff movement, toes seeming to catch and drag, legs held together, hip and knee joints slightly flexed

A

Spastic

Commonly seen in spastic paraplegia

32
Q

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Pattern in which the feet and toes are lifted through hip and knee flexion to excessive ehgiths; usually secondary to DF weakeness. Foot will slap at initial contact with ground secondary to decreased control

A

Steppage

33
Q

Abnormal Gait Pattern: High stepping ataxic gait pattern in which the feet slap the ground

A

Tabetic

34
Q

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Pattern the dentoes gluteus medius weakness, excessive lateral turnk flexion, weight shifting over stanace leg

A

Trendelenburg

35
Q

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Pattern where the sing leg advances by compensating through a compensation of elevation of the pelvic and PF of the stance leg

A

Vaulting

36
Q

Cause of foot slap

A

Weak/paralyzed DF

37
Q

Cause of toe down over heel strike (4)

A
  1. PF spasticity/contracture
  2. DF weakness/paralysis
  3. LLD
  4. Hindfoot pain
38
Q

Cause of clawing of toes (2)

A
  1. Toe flexor spasticity
  2. Positive support reflex
39
Q

Cause of heel lift during midstance (2)

A
  1. Lack of DF ROM
  2. PF spasticity
40
Q

Abnormal Gait Pattern: No toe off (4)

A
  1. Forefoot/toe pain
  2. Weak PF
  3. Lack of PF ROM
  4. Weak toe flexors
41
Q

Cause of exaggerated knee flexion at contact (3)

A
  1. Weak/paralyzed quadriceps
  2. HS spasticity
  3. Lack of extension ROM
42
Q

Cause of hyerextension in stance (2)

A
  1. Weak quadriceps
  2. PF contracture
43
Q

Cause of Exaggerated knee flexion at terminal stance (2)

A
  1. Knee flexion contracture
  2. Hip flexion contracture
44
Q

Cause of insufficient knee flexion with swing (4)

A
  1. Knee effusion
  2. Quadriceps extension spasticity
  3. PF spasticity
  4. Insufficient knee flexion ROM
45
Q

Cause of excessive knee flexion with swing (2)

A
  1. flexor withdrawal reflex
  2. lower extremitiy flexor synergy
46
Q

Cause of insufficient hip flexion at initial contact (3)

A
  1. weak/paralyzed hip flexors
  2. hip extensor spasticity
  3. insufficient hip flexor ROM
47
Q

Cause of insufficient hip extension at stance (3)

A
  1. Insufficient hip extension ROM
  2. Hip flexor contracture
  3. Lower extemity flexor synergy
48
Q

Cause of circumduction during gait (3)

A
  1. weak hip flexors
  2. weak DF
  3. weak HS
49
Q

Cause of hip hiking during swing (3)

A
  1. weak DF
  2. weak knee flexors
  3. extensor synergy pattern
50
Q

Cause of exaggerated hip flexion during swing (2)

A
  1. lower extremity flexor synergy
  2. insufficient DF ROM

NPTE -- MSK (12 decks)

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