gonads Flashcards
oral contraceptive pill: identify the main components of combined oral contraceptives (COCs), explain their mechanism of action, list the unwanted side effects, and compare and contrast with post-coital (emergency) contraception and progesterone-only pill (POP)
what is used in combined oral contraceptive
oestrogen (ethinyl oestradiol) and progestogen
2 examples of pregestogens in combined oral contraceptive
levonorgestrel, norethisterone
effects of combined oral contraceptive on ovulation and how
suppress ovulation; oestrogen and progestogen exert negative feedback actions at hypothalamus and pituitary, progestogen thickens cervical mucus (more difficult for sperm to penetrate)
combined oral contraceptive: how often do you take
take for 21 days, stop for 7 days
when would someone take a progesterone only contraceptive
when oestrogens contra-indicated
progesterone only contraceptive: when would oestrogens be contra-indicated
smoker, >35 years old, migraine with aura
why must progesterone only contraceptive be taken at the same time each day
short half-life and short duration of action
progesterone only contraceptive: how might long acting preparations be given
via an intra-uterine system
3 types of emergency (post-coital) contraceptions
copper IUD (intra-uterine contraceptive device), levonorgestrel, ulipristal
what must be excluded before using copper IUD (intra-uterine contraceptive device)
pregnancy
what does copper IUD (intra-uterine contraceptive device) affect in sperm
viability and function
effectiveness of copper IUD (intra-uterine contraceptive device) in overweight/obese women
not reduced
when can a copper IUD (intra-uterine contraceptive device) be used
5 (up to 7) days after unprotected intercourse
when must levonorgestrel be given
within 72 hours of intercourse
when must ulipristal be given
up to 120 hours after intercourse
