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IC > Gonadal Hormones > Flashcards

Gonadal Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

GnRH:

  • ______ release stimulates pituitary gonadotrophins to release LH and FSH
  • sustained ______ release inhibits LH and FSH release
A

pulsatile

nonpulsatile

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2
Q

_____ promotes spermatogenesis/follicular development, and ______ promotes steroidogenesis

A

FSH

LH

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3
Q

GnRH agonist

A

gonadorelin

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4
Q

leuprolife, goserelin, nafarelin (-relin)

A

GnRH analog

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5
Q

ganirelix

A

GnRH antagonist

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6
Q
  • agonists stimulate gonadotropins –> infertility, dx of LH responsiveness
  • suppression of gonadotropins by controlled ovarian stimulation (suppress premature LH surge), endometriosis, fibroids, prostate cancer, precocious puberty
  • toxicity: hypersensitivity, menopause like, gynecomastia
A

Gonadotropins (agonists and antagonists)

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7
Q

urofillotropin, fillotropic alpha

A

FSH

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8
Q

lutropin alpha

A

recombinant LH

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9
Q

hCG and choriogonadotropin alpha are produced by the ______, LH > FSH

A

placenta

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10
Q
  • assisted reproduction
  • protocols mimic phsyiological stimulation of ovulation
  • risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and multiple pregnancies
A

-ovulation induction by gonadotropins

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11
Q
  • start with hCG, then hMG
  • require 4-6 months to detect sperm
  • black box: obesity
A

male infertility, tx by gonadotropins

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12
Q

major estrogen product of the ovary?

A

estradiol (E2)

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13
Q

purified crystalline estrone?

A

estropipate

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14
Q

metabolically resistant prophormones with improved bioavailability and half life, readily hydrolyzed into active form

A

estrogen esters (acetate, cypionate)

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15
Q

equine estrogen sulfate sodium salts, high potency

A

conjugated estrogen

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16
Q

synthetic estrogen that undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism, more active than natural estrogens

A

ethinyl estradiol

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17
Q

nonsteroidal, caused variety of complications in exposed female offspring including clear cell carcinoma of vagina

A

DES

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18
Q

-manufactured from soybeans and yams consisitng of primarily estrone and equilin, activity depends largely on metabolic conversion to estradiol

A

esterified estrogens

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19
Q

estrogenic compound that leaches from plastics

A

BPA

20
Q
  • estrogens bind intracellular estrogen receptors, in nucleus
  • receptor ligand complex initiates gene transcription by bining ______
  • used for primary hypogonadism, hormonal contraception, ovarian suppression for endometriosis, postmenopausal hormone therapy
  • non oral preps avoid _____
A

ERE

first pass metabolism

21
Q
  • nausea
  • breast tenderness
  • hyperpigmentation
  • migraine
  • cholestasis, gallbladder disease
  • HTN
  • accelerated blood clotting
  • cancer: uterine and breast with HRT, adenocarcinoma from DES
  • uterine bleeding (do NOT use unopposed estrogen for hormone replacement therapy in women with a uterus )
A

estrogen side effects

22
Q
  • bind IC receptor and initiate transcription at PRE
  • used for hormonal contraception, ovarian suppression, postmenopause HRT
  • may increase BP
A

progestins

23
Q

progesterone, norethindrone, levonorgestrel, desogestrol, drospirenone

A

progestins

24
Q

most oral contraceptives are ______

A

ethinyl estradiol

25
Q

mechanism of hormonal contraception?

A

suppress FSH/LH surge through negative feedback, decreased fallopian tube motility, thicken cervical mucus

26
Q

adverse effects of contraceptives?

A

venous thromboembolism

27
Q

SERM used for breast cancer?

A

tamoxifen, toremifene

28
Q

SERM used for osteoporosis?

A

raloxifene

29
Q

SERM used for ovulation induction, increases LH and FSH release by blocking negative feedback by estrogen

A

clomiphene

30
Q

SERM used for menopausal symptoms in combo with conjugated estrogens

A

bazedoxifene

31
Q

estrogen antagonist used in tamoxifen resistant breast cancer?

A

fulvestrant

32
Q

progesterone antagonist, used as postcoital contraceptive, abortifacient in combo with misoprostol, glucocorticoid antagonist

A

mefipristone

33
Q
  • anstrazole, letrozole, exemestane

- used for breast cancer in postmenopausal women to block estrogen production by peripheral tissues

A

aromatase inhibitors

34
Q

-derivative of 17a-ethinyl-testosterone with weak progestin/androgen/glucocorticoid activity used to suppress ovarian function

A

danazol

35
Q

methyltestosterone, fluoxymetstrone, oxandrolone

A

oral antiandrogenics

36
Q

testosterone esters

A

IM antiandrogen

37
Q

testosterone given in what form?

A

transdermal patch

38
Q
  • used for replacement
  • gynecologic disorders
  • anabolic agents
  • growth stimulation (boys w/ delayed puberty)
  • osteroporosis in men
  • aging
A

androgens

39
Q 
acne
sleep apnea
gynecomastia
testicular atrophy (feedback inhibition) 
masculinization in females
sodium retention, edema
hepatic dysfunction, cholestasis
increased aggression
A

androgen side effects

40
Q

inhibits adrenal and gonadal steroid synthesis, increases estrogen:testosterone –> gynecomastia

A

ketoconazole

41
Q

17 alpha hydroxylase inhibitor

A

abiraterone

42
Q

5alpha hydroxylase inhibitor, decreases DHT

A

finasteride

43
Q

5alpha hydroxylase inhibitor with longer half life

A

dutasteride

44
Q

angrogen receptor inhibitor used for hirsutism in women and excessive sexual desire in men

A

cyproterone

45
Q

competitive antagonist of androgen receptor

A

flutamide

46
Q

competes with DHT as well as aldosterone

A

spironolactone

IC (29 decks)

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