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IC > Clinical Aspects of Aging > Flashcards

Clinical Aspects of Aging Flashcards

1
Q

4 major features of aging?

A
  1. destructive
  2. progressive
  3. partly determined by genetic code
  4. universal (mammalian species)
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2
Q

-progressive, universal physiological aging changes

A

normal/healthy aging

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3
Q

includes disease commonly occurring in aging such as HTN, CAD, T2DM

A

usual (chronically ill, frail)

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4
Q

preserved function and compression of morbiditiy

A

successful aging

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5
Q

increased vulnerability and increased risk of impaired function refer to increasing?

A

frailty

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6
Q

reduced physiologic reserve to maintain homeostasis during periods of stress, physiologic demands associated with exertion and acute illness

A

homeostenosis

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7
Q

changes in vision in elderly?

A

decreased visual acuity, lateral motion, depth perception, contrast sensitivity; increased glare sensitivity

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8
Q

implications of vision changes?

A

quality of life, night driving, fall risk, medication issues (reading, finding white pill in white box)

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9
Q
  • loss of high frequencies first

- bilateral, symmetrical, slowly progressive

A

presbycusis

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10
Q
  • dysequilibrium of aging
  • vestibular degeneration
  • diagnosis of exclusion
A

presbystasis

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11
Q

increased theshold to tast salt and sweet, gives perception that food is poorly _______, increased salt may have potential negative impact on HF and HTN

A

seasoned

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12
Q

physiologic anorexia of aging:

  • reduced ______ of gastric fundus, early antral filling
  • decreased gastric _______
  • increased circulating CCK
  • decrease in dynorphins - eating drive
A

stretch/relaxation

emptying

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13
Q
  • age related disease of contractile amplitude
  • after 80, effective esophageal contractions may not occur after a swallow
  • increased microaspiration risk
A

presbyesophagus

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14
Q

gastric:
- ______ HCl and gastric emptying
- disruption of gastric mucosal _______, increased risk of PUD

A

decreased

barrier

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15
Q
  • reduced absorption of iron, zinc, B12, folic acid, lactose
  • reduced vitamin D receptors in gut leads to impaired absorption of _______
  • bacterial overgrowth due to long term use of _______
A

calcium

PPIs

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16
Q
  • increased rectal ______ and decreased rectal ________ lead to large volume stool needed for urge, decreased stool frequency, increased stool hardness
  • diverticulosis due to decreased ________ of bowel wall, slowed transit, change in contractions
A

compliance

sensation

tensile strength

17
Q

how do LFTs, pancreatic exocrine function, absorption of fats and carbs change with age?

A

no change

18
Q

changes in age:

  • LV compliance?
  • LV thickness?
  • LV diastolic filling?
A

decreased
increased
decreased

19
Q

changes in age:

  • LV relaxation?
  • max HR?
  • max CO?
  • exercise vasodilation response?
  • SVR?
A

all decreased, SVR increased

20
Q
  • increased ______ leads to LVH, reducing ventricular compliance and diastolic filling
  • reduced diastolic filling means more blood in left atrium at onset of atrial systole
A

afterload

21
Q
  • thickened LV cannot produce normal output if volumes are _____
  • avoid high filling pressures and pulmonary vascular congestion of volumes are ____
A

low

high

22
Q

older adults have increased sensitivity to effects of _______ of atrial kick
-most common dysrhythmia in elderly?

A

loss

a. fib

23
Q

thickened ________ due to calcium deposits, altered collagen, elastin, smooth muscle hypertrophy
-increased _______ pressure (afterload)

A

arterial intima

systolic

24
Q

70% of adults >60 with HTN have this, associated with widening of pulse pressure

A

ISH: isolated systolic hypertension

25
Q
  • increases fall risk
  • baroreceptor sensitivity issues
  • blood volume reductions
A

orthostatic hypotension

26
Q

-reduced chest wall compliance, mucociliary clearance, alveolar surfae area, lung expansion put elderly at increased risk for?

A

atelectasis, reduced clearance of viruses and bacteria, pneumonia

27
Q

-vital capacity, FEV1, and PEFR are ______ in elderly

A

decreased

28
Q

elderly have inability to maximally conserve _______ in response to water deprived or hyperosmolar conditions

A

water

29
Q

ANP levels increase and and further suppress release of?

A

aldosterone

30
Q
  • muscle mass to body weight reduced

- due to reduced TBW, fat increases and redistributes

A

sarcopenia

31
Q
  • cerebral blood flow reduced: results in slowed _______ and reaction times normal
  • acute mental status change never normal
A

information processing

32
Q

age related structural brain changes?

A

enlarged subarachnoid space
narrower gyri
wider sulci
enlarged ventricles

IC (29 decks)

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