Gold And Stuff Of Colonialism Flashcards
What was the primary reason European colonialism was so successful
Because it was able to extract gold and silver from Latin America which acted as capital. Europeans used this new found capital and pulling money into the old world economy starting the process of capitalism
What is imperialism
A state dominating another. Done in informal or formal means.
What is colonialism
Formal political control
What is colonisation
Movements of immigrants to new colonies.
What is decolonisation
Political independence.
What is new-colonisation
Politically independent but economically dependant (often due Tim imperialism) such as china of Africa
What is another example of colonialism that wasn’t ran by Europeans
The mlim kalifar in the 8th century. Where North African rules took power over southern Spain and Lisbon, Portugal.
Before 1492 what was Europe’s stand in trade like
Europe was not a dominant power, they were marginalised.
How were Europeans marginalised in the world trade before 1492
Silk Road and spice routes meant that money flowed in the opposite direction.asia was developing artistic techniques, greater cultural produced and spices. Europeans could not produce this themselves making Europeans seem inferior.
What were the 3 main motives behind European colonialism
Economic
Political
Religious (not as much)
What were the economic motives for European colonialism
Europeans were not too keen on paying large amounts to receive goods. They also wanted to grow their home markets of consumers
What were the main political motives behind Europes expantion through colonisation
Strengthening political power, this lead them to have great control over trade routes, extracting goods and money through taxes
What was the religious motive to expand Europe’s power through colonialism
To spread Christianity
What was the Spanish expedition
One of the first set of colonlist to colonise America in the 15th/16th century to access trade in China.
What was the Portuguese expedition
One of the first as well as the spanish set of colonlist to colonise the southern cape of South Africa in the 15th/16th century to access trade to china
Why were the Spanish and Portuguese expeditions so vital to the development of Europe
They were a driver in global economy.
What were some examples of the trade between Europe and America thanks to the Spanish and Portuguese expeditions
Europe sent various vegetables and fruit and also transferred diseases such as flu and malaria. America trade tomatoes, potatoes and tobacco.
What was one of the key outputs of spanish and Portuguese colonialism between America
The exchange of agricultural goods.
What was vital to the cause of the Portuguese and expeditions to fail.
The fact that the fact that the Europeans brought their diseases to the Americans
Who were the first to colonise Latin America
The spanish
How did the spanish obsession with gold influence the Europeans
The new form of capital influenced the economy on a temporary basis, the spanish built churches and pursued unseccessful wars.
What did the Dutch,British and french do differently compared to spanish
Focussed more on the took park in economic activities producing commodities, establishing plantations and them to extract more and more wealth.
What was one of the things the spanish built with money from colonial gold
Saville catherdral
What is Mercantilism
Mercantilism is a national economic policy that is designed to maximize the exports of a nation.
Who referred to mercantilism as ‘unequal exchange’
Eric wolf in 1982
Explain mercantilism
Buying a high value good in another territory for a low price and then going on to sell it at another territory at a high price.
What were some direct ways colonists from Britain, France and the Netherlands directly controlled modes or production
Manipulate trade through the power of political force and military discipline
What is an example of the Europeans manipulating territories for their finical gain
British had political control over India forcing them to grow opium, which they took to China and sold at a high price. Chinese got addicted and thus continued this trade pattern, extracting wealth from China
What was another way the British, Dutch and French were more successful than the Spanish at colonising
They had a bigger priority on controlling means of production as well as extracting direct surplus from the labour of colonised countries
What largely influenced then progression and success of the industrial revolution in Britain
Colonialism, industrial revolution was the next biggest thing after colonialism
How did British colonialism influence the industrial revolution in Britain
The colonial powers of the government allowed the linking raw materials labour and markets.
What did the industrial revolution cause
Britain changed from a fundal mode of production to a capitalist mode of production, the first country to do this in the world.
Explain the triangular trade pattern
Northern America brought enslaved Africans to their country selling raw Cotton to Britain for them to produce manufactured cotton selling it within Britain and to Africa
What was an influential factor to the geographical locations of the triangular trade pattern
Winds on the oceans were beneficial
When was the Berlin conference and what did they do there
1884,drew the states of Africa, placi;g straight lines down the maps.
What were some of the issues said to be with the the Berlin conference in 1884
Ignored different cultures and groups
When Europeans first arrived in Africa what were they interested in
Trading manufacturing goods with Africa as they had some of the finest fabrics
What did the Europeans do after loosing interest in the manufacturing goods in Africa
Sold slav3s from Africa to ame4ica or brought them to Caribbean to work
Who also played a pivitol role in the trading in Europe between Europe, America and Africa
Portugal
What was the name of Portuguese prime minister during the colonial triangular trade
oliveira Salazar
What did oliveira Salazar argue
The only reason for the colonies is to fuel the home countries, to produce stuff cheaply to fuel the factories to make goods to be sold elsewhere.
What is considered to be a symbol of the mother of poverty
Cotton from Mozambique
How were men and women treated differently due to the production of cotton in Mozambique
Men were responsible for the production of the cash crop to be sold for money where women were responsible for growing crops for the family.
What was the alternative for men for growing cotton
Working in African prisons, often very thousands of miles away
What were some colonial products
Cotton Vanilla Tobacco Corn Potatos
What was the main economic idea behind colonialism
Taking raw materials from the global south, refining them in the global north and selling them on, growing wealth in the global north.
What was a key process for geographers to aid the process of colonisation
Geographical process of discovering plants and mapping terrorise allowed colonial powers to understand new plants and resources to facilitate their spread across new terrifies.
What are botanical gardens and what’s an example
Kew Gardens, testing garden in greenhouse to test crops in a warmer environment to be grown in the global south later.
