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Vet 212: Large Animal Disease > Goats - Diseases and Behaviors > Flashcards

Goats - Diseases and Behaviors Flashcards

1
Q

What is average goat lactation time?

A

10 months

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2
Q

What are common dairy goats?

A

Nubian
LaManchas
Alpines
Oberhaslis
Toggenburgs
Saanens

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3
Q

What problem behaviors do goats exhibit?

A

Self-suckling females
Bucks urinate in their beards to increase attraction
Abortion caused by goats being chased by loose dogs

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4
Q

What is a wattle?

A

Appendage on the throat
These may be removed

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5
Q

What are the primary vaccinations for goats?

A

Clostridial disease
Contagious ecythema (sore mouth)
Vibriosis (bacteria that causes abortion in sheep)
Chlamydia (major cause of abortion)

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6
Q

What are the main external parasites on goats?

A

Lice
Mice
Ticks

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7
Q

What external parasite is especially concerning in goats?

A

Sucking lice - these can kill kids

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8
Q

Lice are species-specific except for __

A

The sheep louse

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9
Q

True or False: Goats can be a source of re-infestation of sheep with lice.

A

True

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10
Q

True or false: Some goats develop resistance to external parasites.

A

True

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11
Q

What are the treatments for external parasites in goats?

A

Many treatments, but caution must be taken.
In dairy and meat breeds, observe meat and dairy withdrawal times and warnings if present!
Try to use products labeled for goats.
Extralabel usage won’t have withdrawals/warnings for goats.

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12
Q

What are 2 nutritional diseases in goats?

A

Skin lesions resulting from zinc or selenium/vitamin E deficiency
Goiter: large thyroid gland, due to iodine deficiency or thyroid disease

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13
Q

What is Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis?

A

A lentiviral infection in goats, 65% of goats in US are seropositive

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14
Q

How is CAE transmitted?

A

Heritable
Orally to kids through colostrum or milk
In utero
During birth
Milking parlors, direct contact

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15
Q

What are the 5 clinical signs of CAE?

A

Neurological (mostly kids)
Respiratory (adults)
Udder (addults, young does)
Weight loss
Arthritis (acute/peracute, one or multiple joints, fluctuant swelling leading to contraction of limb and ankylosis)

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16
Q

How is CAE diagnosed?

A

Serum antibody tests (can lead to false negatives)
Synovial biopsy (virus isolation)

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17
Q

What treatments are available for CAE?

A

None known.
Supportive care is usual choice.

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18
Q

How is CAE managed?

A

Testing
Culling
Quarantine
Kid-rearing techniques to prevent spread

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19
Q

What is Myotonia Congentia?

A

Fainting Goat Disease
Symptoms: Transient muscle contraction
Upon repeated stimulation, severity decreases

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20
Q

What can cause dyspnea in goats?

A

Anemia
Electrolyte disturbances
Toxemia
Acidosis
Heat stroke
Obstruction

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21
Q

What can cause coughing in goats? What can cause nasal discharge?

A

Coughing: Tight collar, parasites, dusty/moldy hay, ammonia fumes, CAE
Nasal discharge: Nasal bots, irritants, cleft palate, nasal tumors

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22
Q

What can cause pneumonia?

A

CAE, Paramyxovirus (reportable), Goat pox virus
Mycoplasma (Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia)
Bacteria (Pasteurella)
Parasites (Dictyocaulus)
Toxicities (cyanide, nitrate)

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23
Q

What are signs of CAE pneumonia?

A

Dyspnea when stressed
Exercise intolerance
Wasting
Cough
Secondary bacterial pneumonia

24
Q

How is pneumonia diagnosed?

A

Radiographs
Necropsy (Swollen, gray pink lung that is hard to the touch)
Lung biopsy

25
Q

How many teats does a goat have? How many milk ducts?

A

Two teats; 6-9 milk ducts

26
Q

What is a precocious udder?

A

“Witch’s Milk”
Large udder development in an unbred doe with varying degree of milk production
Related to hermaphrodite condition (goats are prone to hermaphroditism)
Potentially hereditary

27
Q

What causes goat mastitis?

A

Genetics
Persistent corpus luteum on ovary (leads to high progesterone)
Elevated prolactin levels
Chronic fullness can precipitate self-suckling behavior

28
Q

How is goat mastitis treated?

A

Hormone therapy (Prostaglandins)
Nutritional modification (decrease grain rations)
Milking (Only if udder is full and painful)
Anti-prolactin drugs
Udder amputation
Ovariectomy

29
Q

What are early signs of mastitis?

A

Decreased milk production
Lameness (seen with CAE)
Hungry kids
Gland assymetry

30
Q

What are later signs of mastitis?

A

Heat
Tenderness
Swelling
Induration
Atrophy

31
Q

What are severe symptoms of mastitis?

A

Systemic illness
Febrile
Anorexia
Depression
Color change (blue bag = necrotic)

32
Q

How is mastitis diagnosed?

A

Culture
Cell evaluation/enumeration
(Somatic Cell Count)
CMT: California Mastitis Test

33
Q

What is CAE mastitis?

A

Hard Udder
Retroviral mastitis
Firm udder at parturition, interstitial mastitis, diffuse fibrosis with infiltration of lymphocytes

34
Q

How is CAE mastitis diagnosed? What is treatment?

A

Clinical signs
Histopath
Mycoplasma cultures
Negative bacteria

Affected goats must be culled

35
Q

What is bacterial mastitis?

A

Most common cause with CAE
Bacteria enter through teat orifice
Environmental, contagious, can vary between herds due to management factors

36
Q

What are coliforms contributing to bacterial mastitis?

A

E. coli
Klebsiella

37
Q

When is bacterial mastitis most common?

A

Newly freshened goats

38
Q

What are symptoms of bacterial mastitis?

A

Warm
Swollen
Painful
Watery milk

39
Q

How is bacterial mastitis controlled?

A

Clean environment
Avoid wood shavings
Washing udders/hands, and post milking teat dips

40
Q

What are other sources for bacterial mastitis?

A

Brucellosis (zoonotic, abortion in herd)
Listeria (zoonotic, diagnosed based on bacterial culture of milk)
Tuberculosis (mycobacterium mastitis) [Generalized infection from infected cows or humans, localized swelling in udder, enlarged regional lymph nodes] (zoonotic, reportable!)
Staphylococcus (S. aureus is most common pathogen in goat udder, transmitted through milking) [Milk from infected doe should be pasteurized, can cause staph septicemia and disease in kids]

41
Q

How is bacterial mastitis treated?

A

Culling
Parenteral antibiotic
Culture and sensitivity
Withdrawal times are at least twice withdrawal times for a cow
During lactation: Frequent stripping, hot compresses, anti-inflammatories
Gangrenous udders: same as during lactation plus systemic antibiotics, Udder amputation

42
Q

How is bacterial mastitis controlled/spread?

A

Clean, dry and use individual towels for udder prep
Only wash teats
Milk diseased animals last
Quiet calm environment
Milk 2-3 times a day
Teat dips with 0.5% iodine or chlorhexidine for bacterial infections.

43
Q

What can mycoplasma mastitis cause?

A

Contagious agalactia in a herd
Milk can be off color and off flavor with high somatic cell count
Controlled by: culling, pasteurizing milk, milking affected goats last

44
Q

What are some types of non-mastitic milk changes, and what can cause them?

A

Bloody milk: broken blood vessel, distinguish from gangrenous mastitis milk
Off-flavored milk: Can be done on purpose for cheese; Otherwise, can be a goat issue (genetics, lipolysis, ketosis, mastitis), storage problem, hygiene, milk handling or nutritional issue (rancid fat, feed flavors, garlic, drugs)

45
Q

What are zoonotic diseases that can be found in raw goat milk?

A

Brucellosis
Tuberculosis
Cryptococcus
Leptospirosis
Listeriosis
Q-fever
E. coli
Salmonella
Yersinia

46
Q

What is urolithiasis?

A

Crystals forming in the urinary tract - common in young castrated males, especially pet goats fed lots of grain supplementation (grain contains high phosphorus and low calcium)

47
Q

What kind of crystals are seen with urolithiasis?

A

Calcium phosphate
Magnesium ammonium phosphate

48
Q

What can cause urolithiasis?

A

Increased urine concentration
Decreased water intake
Increased water loss
Urine stasis
Increased urine pH
Increased minerals in urine (due to diet)
Anatomical predisposition (Fibrous penis, curled at sugmoid flexure, small urethral process, penile hypoplasia in goats castrated at a young age)

49
Q

What are clinical signs of urolithiasis?

A

Straining
Crying
Tail twitching
Rectal prolapse
Abdominal distention
Subcutaneous urine
Electrolyte disturbance (potassium buildup -> dementia -> depression -> death)

50
Q

What is the treatment for urolithiasis?

A

Remove urethral process
Perineal urethrostomy
Permanent cystotomy
Tranquilizers, antispasmodics
Long term prognosis is guarded

51
Q

How is urolithiasis managed and prevented?

A

Dietary:
Calcium:phosphorus ratio should be 2:1
Alfalfa hay
NO grain
Calcium supplements
Urine acidifiers
Water supply
Delay castration until at least 3 months old

52
Q

What is pseudocyesis?

A

False Pregnancy:
Persistent corpus luteum
Abdominal enlargement
Udder development
Lactation
Can go into labor and deliver fluid

53
Q

What is a hydrometra?

A

A watery uterus

54
Q

What is segmental hypoplasia of the uterus?

A

Parts of the uterus don’t meet up

55
Q

How is pseudocyesis diagnosed?

A

Ultrasound
Laparotomy
Necropsy

Vet 212: Large Animal Disease (6 decks)

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