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Vet 212: Large Animal Disease > Goats - Diseases and Behaviors > Flashcards

Goats - Diseases and Behaviors Flashcards

1
Q

What is average goat lactation time?

A

10 months

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2
Q

What are common dairy goats?

A

Nubian
LaManchas
Alpines
Oberhaslis
Toggenburgs
Saanens

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3
Q

What problem behaviors do goats exhibit?

A

Self-suckling females
Bucks urinate in their beards to increase attraction
Abortion caused by goats being chased by loose dogs

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4
Q

What is a wattle?

A

Appendage on the throat
These may be removed

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5
Q

What are the primary vaccinations for goats?

A

Clostridial disease
Contagious ecythema (sore mouth)
Vibriosis (bacteria that causes abortion in sheep)
Chlamydia (major cause of abortion)

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6
Q

What are the main external parasites on goats?

A

Lice
Mice
Ticks

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7
Q

What external parasite is especially concerning in goats?

A

Sucking lice - these can kill kids

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8
Q

Lice are species-specific except for __

A

The sheep louse

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9
Q

True or False: Goats can be a source of re-infestation of sheep with lice.

A

True

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10
Q

True or false: Some goats develop resistance to external parasites.

A

True

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11
Q

What are the treatments for external parasites in goats?

A

Many treatments, but caution must be taken.
In dairy and meat breeds, observe meat and dairy withdrawal times and warnings if present!
Try to use products labeled for goats.
Extralabel usage won’t have withdrawals/warnings for goats.

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12
Q

What are 2 nutritional diseases in goats?

A

Skin lesions resulting from zinc or selenium/vitamin E deficiency
Goiter: large thyroid gland, due to iodine deficiency or thyroid disease

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13
Q

What is Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis?

A

A lentiviral infection in goats, 65% of goats in US are seropositive

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14
Q

How is CAE transmitted?

A

Heritable
Orally to kids through colostrum or milk
In utero
During birth
Milking parlors, direct contact

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15
Q

What are the 5 clinical signs of CAE?

A

Neurological (mostly kids)
Respiratory (adults)
Udder (addults, young does)
Weight loss
Arthritis (acute/peracute, one or multiple joints, fluctuant swelling leading to contraction of limb and ankylosis)

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16
Q

How is CAE diagnosed?

A

Serum antibody tests (can lead to false negatives)
Synovial biopsy (virus isolation)

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17
Q

What treatments are available for CAE?

A

None known.
Supportive care is usual choice.

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18
Q

How is CAE managed?

A

Testing
Culling
Quarantine
Kid-rearing techniques to prevent spread

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19
Q

What is Myotonia Congentia?

A

Fainting Goat Disease
Symptoms: Transient muscle contraction
Upon repeated stimulation, severity decreases

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20
Q

What can cause dyspnea in goats?

A

Anemia
Electrolyte disturbances
Toxemia
Acidosis
Heat stroke
Obstruction

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21
Q

What can cause coughing in goats? What can cause nasal discharge?

A

Coughing: Tight collar, parasites, dusty/moldy hay, ammonia fumes, CAE
Nasal discharge: Nasal bots, irritants, cleft palate, nasal tumors

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22
Q

What can cause pneumonia?

A

CAE, Paramyxovirus (reportable), Goat pox virus
Mycoplasma (Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia)
Bacteria (Pasteurella)
Parasites (Dictyocaulus)
Toxicities (cyanide, nitrate)

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23
Q

What are signs of CAE pneumonia?

A

Dyspnea when stressed
Exercise intolerance
Wasting
Cough
Secondary bacterial pneumonia

24
Q

How is pneumonia diagnosed?

A

Radiographs
Necropsy (Swollen, gray pink lung that is hard to the touch)
Lung biopsy

25
How many teats does a goat have? How many milk ducts?
Two teats; 6-9 milk ducts
26
What is a precocious udder?
"Witch's Milk" Large udder development in an unbred doe with varying degree of milk production Related to hermaphrodite condition (goats are prone to hermaphroditism) Potentially hereditary
27
What causes goat mastitis?
Genetics Persistent corpus luteum on ovary (leads to high progesterone) Elevated prolactin levels Chronic fullness can precipitate self-suckling behavior
28
How is goat mastitis treated?
Hormone therapy (Prostaglandins) Nutritional modification (decrease grain rations) Milking (Only if udder is full and painful) Anti-prolactin drugs Udder amputation Ovariectomy
29
What are early signs of mastitis?
Decreased milk production Lameness (seen with CAE) Hungry kids Gland assymetry
30
What are later signs of mastitis?
Heat Tenderness Swelling Induration Atrophy
31
What are severe symptoms of mastitis?
Systemic illness Febrile Anorexia Depression Color change (blue bag = necrotic)
32
How is mastitis diagnosed?
Culture Cell evaluation/enumeration (Somatic Cell Count) CMT: California Mastitis Test
33
What is CAE mastitis?
Hard Udder Retroviral mastitis Firm udder at parturition, interstitial mastitis, diffuse fibrosis with infiltration of lymphocytes
34
How is CAE mastitis diagnosed? What is treatment?
Clinical signs Histopath Mycoplasma cultures Negative bacteria Affected goats must be culled
35
What is bacterial mastitis?
Most common cause with CAE Bacteria enter through teat orifice Environmental, contagious, can vary between herds due to management factors
36
What are coliforms contributing to bacterial mastitis?
E. coli Klebsiella
37
When is bacterial mastitis most common?
Newly freshened goats
38
What are symptoms of bacterial mastitis?
Warm Swollen Painful Watery milk
39
How is bacterial mastitis controlled?
Clean environment Avoid wood shavings Washing udders/hands, and post milking teat dips
40
What are other sources for bacterial mastitis?
Brucellosis (zoonotic, abortion in herd) Listeria (zoonotic, diagnosed based on bacterial culture of milk) Tuberculosis (mycobacterium mastitis) [Generalized infection from infected cows or humans, localized swelling in udder, enlarged regional lymph nodes] (zoonotic, reportable!) Staphylococcus (S. aureus is most common pathogen in goat udder, transmitted through milking) [Milk from infected doe should be pasteurized, can cause staph septicemia and disease in kids]
41
How is bacterial mastitis treated?
Culling Parenteral antibiotic Culture and sensitivity Withdrawal times are at least twice withdrawal times for a cow During lactation: Frequent stripping, hot compresses, anti-inflammatories Gangrenous udders: same as during lactation plus systemic antibiotics, Udder amputation
42
How is bacterial mastitis controlled/spread?
Clean, dry and use individual towels for udder prep Only wash teats Milk diseased animals last Quiet calm environment Milk 2-3 times a day Teat dips with 0.5% iodine or chlorhexidine for bacterial infections.
43
What can mycoplasma mastitis cause?
Contagious agalactia in a herd Milk can be off color and off flavor with high somatic cell count Controlled by: culling, pasteurizing milk, milking affected goats last
44
What are some types of non-mastitic milk changes, and what can cause them?
Bloody milk: broken blood vessel, distinguish from gangrenous mastitis milk Off-flavored milk: Can be done on purpose for cheese; Otherwise, can be a goat issue (genetics, lipolysis, ketosis, mastitis), storage problem, hygiene, milk handling or nutritional issue (rancid fat, feed flavors, garlic, drugs)
45
What are zoonotic diseases that can be found in raw goat milk?
Brucellosis Tuberculosis Cryptococcus Leptospirosis Listeriosis Q-fever E. coli Salmonella Yersinia
46
What is urolithiasis?
Crystals forming in the urinary tract - common in young castrated males, especially pet goats fed lots of grain supplementation (grain contains high phosphorus and low calcium)
47
What kind of crystals are seen with urolithiasis?
Calcium phosphate Magnesium ammonium phosphate
48
What can cause urolithiasis?
Increased urine concentration Decreased water intake Increased water loss Urine stasis Increased urine pH Increased minerals in urine (due to diet) Anatomical predisposition (Fibrous penis, curled at sugmoid flexure, small urethral process, penile hypoplasia in goats castrated at a young age)
49
What are clinical signs of urolithiasis?
Straining Crying Tail twitching Rectal prolapse Abdominal distention Subcutaneous urine Electrolyte disturbance (potassium buildup -> dementia -> depression -> death)
50
What is the treatment for urolithiasis?
Remove urethral process Perineal urethrostomy Permanent cystotomy Tranquilizers, antispasmodics **Long term prognosis is guarded**
51
How is urolithiasis managed and prevented?
Dietary: Calcium:phosphorus ratio should be 2:1 Alfalfa hay NO grain Calcium supplements Urine acidifiers Water supply Delay castration until at least 3 months old
52
What is pseudocyesis?
**False Pregnancy:** Persistent corpus luteum Abdominal enlargement Udder development Lactation Can go into labor and deliver fluid
53
What is a hydrometra?
A watery uterus
54
What is segmental hypoplasia of the uterus?
Parts of the uterus don't meet up
55
How is pseudocyesis diagnosed?
Ultrasound Laparotomy Necropsy

Vet 212: Large Animal Disease (6 decks)

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